Chapter 2 illustrates the randomization process and how to compute . 0000029732 00000 n A Tale of Two Cultures: Qualitative and Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences. 2. In any impact evaluation, it is important to define first what is meant by success (quality, value). San Francisco:Jossey-Bass/Wiley. Evaluations that are being undertaken to support learning should be clear about who is intended to learn from it, how they will be engaged in the evaluation process to ensure it is seen as relevant and credible, and whether there are specific decision points around where this learning is expected to be applied. In such cases, different strategies will be needed to develop and use a theory of change for impact evaluation (Funnell and Rogers 2012). The underlying rationale for choosing a participatory approach to impact evaluation can be either pragmatic or ethical, or a combination of the two. The reference also provides a glossary of practical This lack of evaluation becomes problematic when libraries must qualify and quantify their impact on educational goals and outcomes. Thank you for your reply, it was very helpful. These questions should be clearly linked to the evaluative criteria. [, Are any positive results likely to be sustained? Matching 3. The Competence Centre on Microeconomic Evaluation (CC-ME) supports impact evaluation of EU policies by using existing micro-data, which allows to analyse the impact of EU policies on individuals and in small geographical areas in different fields including social, industrial and environmental policies. Although many impact evaluations use a variety of methods, what distinguishes a mixed methods evaluation is thesystematic integration ofquantitative and qualitative methodologies and methods at all stages of an evaluation (Bamberger 2012). An evaluation should have a limited set of high-level questions which are about performance overall. Start the data collection planning by reviewing to what extent existing data can be used. I am writing a practicum for a MSc in project management and evaluation. This definition implies that impact evaluation: An impact evaluation can be undertaken to improve or reorient an intervention (i.e., for formative purposes) or to inform decisions about whether to continue, discontinue, replicate or scale up an intervention (i.e., for summative purposes). thanks in advance. [, Did the intervention produce the intended results in the short, medium and long term? Causal attribution is defined by OECD-DAC as: Ascription of a causal link between observed (or expected to be observed) changes and a specific intervention. (OECD_DAC 2010). Introduction. From the point of view of evaluation methods, two groups of evaluation issues can be usefully distinguished. ]27RvmwU0|a6 *Mi Go8fo[v"NZ;GsI|bKs&1m6{SsN-95SsN-95SsN-9i|%u}2wEo1Z|9w@U|_ endstream endobj 179 0 obj <> endobj 180 0 obj <>stream Preface. 0000046254 00000 n Using statistical and econometric methods, impact evaluation assesses the changes in target society achieved by specific measures, projects, or . KEQ 1 What was the quality of implementation? This chapter presents guidance notes on approaches and methods for evaluators working in international development. 0000109323 00000 n The following resources describe the value of both approaches including their core concepts, guidelines, strategies, and techniques for implementation. % An impact evaluation approach based on contribution analysis, with the addition of processes for expert review and community review of evidence and conclusions. Instrumental variables ii. All evaluation questions should be linked explicitly to the evaluative criteria to ensure that the criteria are covered in full. 0000002594 00000 n A participatory approach which enables farmers to analyse their own situation and develop a common perspective on natural resource management and agriculture at village level. "yyAdidb;("d? Keywords: Impact evaluation, randomisation, regression discontinuity, propensity score matching, mixed method. Impact Evaluation Notes. For answering causal KEQs, there are essentially three broad approaches to causal attribution analysis: (1) counterfactual approaches; (2) consistency of evidence with causal relationship; and (3) ruling out alternatives (see above). Evaluation methods in empirical economics fall into five broad categories, each of which provides an alternative approach for constructing the counterfactual and helps to minimise selection. This establishes the relationships between the outputs, intermediate outcomes and longer-term impact in a transparent way at the outset of the programme. Tweets by @BetterEval !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)? You might like to raise your question in our discussion group, Peregrine, which you can join here -https://community.betterevaluation.org/peregrine. In other words, not all of these evaluative criteria are used in every evaluation, depending on the type of intervention and/or the type of evaluation (e.g., the criterion of impact is irrelevant to a process evaluation). Overview of impact evaluation, UNICEF Brief 11. There are three broad strategies for causal attribution in impact evaluations: Using a combination of these strategies can usually help to increase the strength of the conclusions that are drawn. Impact evaluation methods Gianluigi Nico Food and Agriculture Organization. 0000001436 00000 n Re theOECDDACview of the causal attribution task: Ascription of a causal link between observed (or expected to be observed) changes and a specific intervention., this does seem unbalanced and one-sided. Each of these KEQs should be further unpacked by asking more detailed questions about performance on specific dimensions of merit and sometimes even lower-level questions. It specifies designs for causal attribution, including whether and how comparison groups will be constructed, and methods for data collection and analysis. "U_Y2+%%~]i~R{ !ne.;*|/ C endstream endobj 181 0 obj <> endobj 182 0 obj <>stream Is it to hear peoples own versions of change rather than obtain an external evaluators set of indicators? Use of Impact Evaluation Results. If the intervention is to be scaled up or replicated in a different setting. For answering evaluative KEQs, specific evaluative rubrics linked to the evaluative criteria employed (such as the OECD-DAC criteria) should be applied in order to synthesize the evidence and make judgements about the worth of the intervention (see above). [, How valuable were the results to service providers, clients, the community and/or organizations involved? Kalamazoo: Western Michigan University Checklist Project. $h6 =g@[b\sO>P. The evaluation purpose refers to the rationale for conducting an impact evaluation. Goertz, G., Mahoney, J., 2012. See:https://www.interaction.org/blog/impact-evaluation-guidance-note-and-webinar-series/. Foreword. There are adequate resources to undertake a sufficiently comprehensive and rigorous impact evaluation, including the availability of existing, good quality data and additional time and money to collect more. 0000008878 00000 n 0000002075 00000 n trailer <]/Prev 172105/XRefStm 1754>> startxref 0 %%EOF 231 0 obj <>stream Evaluation Types When to use What it shows Why it is useful Overview: Data Collection and Analysis Methods in Impact Evaluation, UNICEFImpact Evaluation Methodological Briefs and Videos, Overview: Data Collection and Analysis Methods in Impact Evaluation, Overview: Strategies for causal attribution, Participatory Approaches in Impact Evaluation, Some Reflections on Current Debates in Impact Evaluation. [, To what extent did the intervention represent the best possible use of available resources to achieve results of the greatest possible value to participants and the community? It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. An impact evaluation should only be undertaken when its intended use can be clearly identified and when it is likely to be able to produce useful findings, taking into account the availability of resources and the timing of decisions about the intervention under investigation. The Methods Lab sought to develop, test,and institutionalise flexible approaches to impactevaluations. This paper provides a systematic review on various quantitative methods available for impact evaluation and suggests the use of combination of methods for enhancing the robustness of the impact. The IEM is an integrated component of the peer review tool and is embedded An approach especially to impact evaluation which examines what works for whom in what circumstances through what causal mechanisms, including changes in the reasoning and resources of participants. If an impact evaluation fails to systematically undertake causal attribution, there is a greater risk that the evaluation will produce incorrect findings and lead to incorrect decisions. There are three design options that address causal attribution: Some individuals andorganisationsuse a narrower definition ofimpact evaluation, and only include evaluations containing acounterfactual of some kind. And, some are used for particular types of development interventions such humanitarian assistance such as: coverage, coordination, protection, coherence. Develop programme theory/theory of change, 5. Full Document [PDF - 2.6 MB] This Chapter [PDF - 777 KB] An evaluation can use quantitative or qualitative data, and often includes both. See:http://www.oecd.org/dac/evaluation/daccriteriaforevaluatingdevelopmentassistance.htm, StufflebeamD (2001). August 2012. It should also be noted that some impacts may be emergent, and thus, cannot be predicted. Program participants themselvesbefore participating in the program. Yet there is a need to put the theory into practice in a hands-on fashion for . Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC). 0000001931 00000 n This has important implications for the recommendations that come out of an evaluation. Document management processes and agreements, 7. 0000088675 00000 n The meaning of impact evaluation differs depending on how impact is defined. InterActionImpact Evaluation Guidance Notes andWebinarSeries: Rogers P (2012). 1. %%EOF 0000006581 00000 n It describes methods and procedures for the analysis of results from sensory tests; explains the reasons for selecting a particular procedure or test method; and discusses the organization and operation of a testing program, the design of a test facility . Quantitative methods emphasise objective measurements and statistical or numerical data analysis to understand outputs and outcomes of your . A particular type of case study used to create a narrative of how institutional arrangements have evolved over time and have created and contributed to more effective ways to achieve project or program goals. INTRODUCTION TO MIXED METHODS IN IMPACT EVALUATION Michael Bamberger. This book provides a comprehensive exposition of how to conduct impact evaluations. The new PEP training package "Impact Evaluation Using Stata" presents a series of examples illustrating the basic analysis required in a rigorous program evaluation report*, and is organized as follows: Chapter 1 is a quick introduction to Stata and its programming language. Approach primarily intended to clarify differences in values among stakeholders by collecting and collectively analysing personal accounts of change. Evaluative criteria should be thought of as concepts that must be addressed in the evaluation. An impact evaluation provides information about the impacts produced by an intervention - positive and negative, intended and unintended, direct and indirect. Retrieved from http://www.betterevaluation.org/themes/impact_evaluation. The . PerrinB (2012). An impact evaluation approach without a control group that uses narrative causal statements elicited directly from intended project beneficiaries. They are insufficiently defined to be applied systematically and in a transparent manner to make evaluative judgements about the intervention. 332 0 obj <>stream Evaluation Designs and Methods for Measuring Changes at the Individual Level 1. Director, Evaluation Capacity Strengthening, BetterEvaluation. 0000003269 00000 n *A benchmark or index is a set of related indicators that provides for meaningful, accurate and systematic comparisons regarding performance; a standard or rubric is a set of related benchmarks/indices or indicators that provides socially meaningful information regarding performance. Evaluations produce stronger and more useful findings if they not only investigate the links between activities and impacts but also investigate links along the causal chain between activities, outputs, intermediate outcomes and impacts. <>/Metadata 254 0 R/ViewerPreferences 255 0 R>> Others use wider definitions that Investigate possible alternative explanations, 1. This note reviews the key concepts and tools available to do sound impact evaluation. An impact evaluation can check for success along the causal chain and, if necessary, examine alternative causal paths. . 7 How can the findings be reported and their use supported? An approach to decision-making in evaluation that involves identifying the primary intended users and uses of an evaluation and then making all decisions in terms of the evaluation design and plan with reference to these. Thanks for getting in touch. may i say that who is adopting agriculture technology is control group? 0000006554 00000 n endobj Impact Evaluation Methods hosted by the World Bank Development Research Group in Kuala Lumpur Impact Evaluation in Practice 12 - 15 November 2018 (MonThurs) 9 a.m.6 p.m. Sasana Kijang, Kuala Lumpur Instructor: Karthik Muralidharan is an associate professor of economics at the University of This book reviews quantitative methods and models of impact evaluation. UNICEFImpact Evaluation Methodological Briefs and Videos: Overview briefs (1,6,10) are available in English, French and Spanish and supported by whiteboard animation videos in three languages; Brief 7 (RCTs) also includes a video. xrH=Uj_m)WdfoC#,y 9}sN7XwbssNyt^:ek,W:q|oe\f^Ve:g/_##/_/3^8y_/.ao 6HDsY iDpIg=q|/bV7^8 G!m0 `s D$coo4r.Vf']yY4^d;2jxX1(q9bods/NN*`%A?IO:"WUx_W`BB4X)t="%>#%Rf5r M--cXKqmYpM' -7>q. Guidance NoteNo. The purpose of the Impact Evaluation Methodology (IEM) is to provide cities with a structured approach to evaluate the impact of peer reviews and their outcomes on city resilience and disaster risk reduction (DRR). ; and. For example, deciding to scale up when the programme is actually ineffective or effective only in certain limited situations, or deciding to exit when a programme could be made to work if limiting factors were addressed. The design options (whether experimental, quasi-experimental, or non-experimental) all need significant investment in preparation and early data collection, and cannot be done if an impact evaluation is limited to a short exercise conducted towards the end of intervention implementation. The specific evaluative rubrics should be used to interpret the evidence and determine which considerations are critically important or urgent. H\n@E|E/E*Hc'IFvb@m/7Hd`s:M+]ZoI^o=7S2n8I]wx=t>MN?a6YLk35goa|{5s)2>4'u_JwU,;&$u,D~$?+r7-y~&?_qh]geN [;+Yt(Pk %ZeKr eO,rY!cY8w/kZAVP+\:5 p,EE>>;fdfd` yy 0000003834 00000 n Participatory approaches can be used in any impact evaluation design. Princeton University Press. It should continue to be revised over the course of the evaluation should either the intervention itself or the understanding of how it works or is intended to work change. A particular type of case study used to jointly develop an agreed narrative of how an innovation was developed, including key contributors and processes, to inform future innovation efforts. How to implement an impact evaluation a. Washington DC:InterAction. 4 0 obj The book incorporates real-world examples to present practical . This is what makes evaluation so much more useful and relevant than the mere measurement of indicators or summaries of observations and stories. It focused on interventions which areharder to evaluate because of their diversity andcomplexity or where traditional impact evaluationapproaches may not be feasible or appropriate,with the broader aim of identifying lessons withwider application potential. 0000009402 00000 n In other words, they are not exclusive to specific evaluation methods or restricted to quantitative or qualitative data collection and analysis. Other, commonly used evaluative criteria are about equity, gender equality, and human rights. This method is helpful to determine alternatives to the proposed project plan. There are a variety of evaluation designs, and the type of evaluation should match the development level of the program or program activity appropriately. New York: United Nations Evaluation Group (UNEG) . Yet there is a need to put the theory into practice in a hands-on fashion for practitioners. Structuring of the findings section using KEQs as subheadings (rather than types and sources of evidence, as is frequently done). and what i can call the non-adopters in my case? Recommend content, collaborate, share, ask, tell us what you like, suggest an improvement, or just say hi! See:http://www.oecd.org/development/peer-reviews/2754804.pdf, OECD-DAC(accessed 2015). Prioritizing interventions for impact evaluation should consider: the relevance of the evaluation to the organisational or development strategy; its potential usefulness; the commitment from senior managers or policy makers to using its findings; and/or its potential use for advocacy or accountability requirements. 'H7[WnrX_\xGc:r"kr SEx'&-S33$tcf@' /o8|?? This enables us to adjust our logic/assumptions and objectives before we commit to significant investment. When done too early, it will provide an inaccurate picture of the impacts (i.e., impacts will be understated when they had insufficient time to develop or overstated when they decline over time). 0000014572 00000 n endobj Within the KEQs, it is also useful to identify the different types of questions involved descriptive, causal and evaluative. method Pre-Post (Before-and-after) Measure how program participants improved (or changed) over time. Evaluability assessment for impact evaluation-This guide provides an overview of the utility of and specific guidance and a tool for implementing an evaluability assessment before an impact evaluation is undertaken. Gender injustice and inequality: what helps in assessing impact? [5] The evaluation problem. The objective of this paper is assessing the impact of shop drawings in meeting project . When conducted belatedly, the findings come too late to inform decisions. 0000037991 00000 n The purpose of the series is to build the capacity of NGOs (and others) to demonstrate effectiveness by increasing their understanding of and ability to conduct high quality impact evaluation. BOX 1. Explicitly evaluative language must be used when presenting findings (rather than value-neutral language that merely describes findings). There are many factors that can influence decisions over which type of evaluation to use. ), Sorry, wrong book reference. BambergerM (2012). Is it to ensure a relevant evaluation focus? %PDF-1.4 % Impact Evaluation - Mixed Methods Contents 1 Overview 2 Methodological Triangulation 3 Mixed Methods 4 Quantitative Impact Evaluation 5 Qualitative Impact Evaluation 6 Randomised Control Trials (RCT) 6.1 The Process of Selecting a Sample Group 6.2 Methods of Randomised Selection of Participants 6.3 Advantages 6.4 Disadvantages 6.5 Conclusion 0000115409 00000 n Nature of Impact Evaluation IE has a strong summative emphasis in that it provides findings from which a judgment of the worth of the program can be made. Techniques and models for establishing causal causation: There are three main methods for determining causality in impact assessments: Performing Calculations for the hypothetical value (i.e., what would have happened in the absence of the intervention, compared to the observed situation). Impact evaluation might be appropriate when Impact evaluation might NOT be appropriate when. Consider, for example, an industrial assistance program where the government gives grants on a 0000005226 00000 n GX 0000004095 00000 n Overview: Strategies for Causal Attribution, UNICEF Brief 7. A stakeholder involvement approach designed to provide groups with the tools and knowledge they need to monitor and evaluate their own performance and accomplish their goals. The program stage and scope will determine the level of effort and the methods to be used. Evaluation, by definition, answers evaluative questions, that is, questions about quality and value. $n6dj]x\vKkM3,9bb\l 5b]3nv3Usy#S[hkCfAB'dNm*84f, Y2KuG$i+UD0Ni6d Read more. Hence, there will be a strong emphasis in an impact evaluation on synthesizing similarities and differences within and across cases and contexts. No. The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation Ideally, a combination of these approaches is used to establish causality. Is the purpose to ensure that the voices of those whose lives should have been improved by the programme or policy are central to the findings? 0000070964 00000 n Evaluative criteria specify the values that will be used in an evaluation and, as such, help to set boundaries. BetterEvaluation. ruling out alternative explanations, through a logical, evidence-based process. Impacts on social values and quality of life; How Is Impact Significance Determined? The distinction between outcomes and impacts canbe relative, and depends on the stated objectives of an intervention. I have developed a causal links model for the theory of change, I would like for you to review it, and offer some suggestions. 0000004814 00000 n goes beyond describing or measuring impacts that have occurred to seeking to understand the role of the intervention in producing these (causal attribution); can encompass a broad range of methods for causal attribution; and, Describing what needs to be evaluated and developing the evaluation brief, Deciding who will conduct the evaluation and engaging the evaluator(s), Deciding and managing the process for developing the evaluation methodology, Managing development of the evaluation work plan, Managing implementation of the work plan including development of reports, Disseminating the report(s) and supporting use, specific evaluation questions, especially in relation to those elements of the theory of change for which there is no substantive evidence yet, relevant variables that should be included in data collection, intermediate outcomes that can be used as markers of success in situations where the impacts of interest will not occur during the time frame of the evaluation, aspects of implementation that should be examined. Elsewhere, its fundamental basis may revolve around adaptive learning, in which case the theory of change should focus on articulating how the various actors gather and use information together to make ongoing improvements and adaptations. First, we describe several prevalent methodological approaches, followed by guidance notes on specific methods and tools. A strengths-based approach designed to support ongoing learning and adaptation by identifying and investigating outlier examples of good practice and ways of increasing their frequency. There are five key principles relating to internal validity (study design) and external validity (generalizability) which rigorous impact evaluations should address: confounding factors, selection bias, spillover effects, contamination, and impact heterogeneity. Impacts are usually understood to occur later than, and as a resultof, intermediate outcomes. 1. HOW "IMPACTS" AND "IMPACT EVALUATION" ARE USED IN THE GUIDANCE NOTES 5 How to plan and manage an impact evaluation? Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results Based Management. To further enhance project effectiveness and quality, JICA has been promoting evidence-based project implementation and emphasizing the application of impact evaluation as a major tool for this purpose. Sensory Evaluation Practices examines the principles and practices of sensory evaluation. There must be clarity and transparency about the evaluative reasoning used, with the explanations clearly understandable to both non-evaluators and readers without deep content expertise in the subject matter. 4. Impact evaluations are studies that attempt to measure the causal impact of a project, program, or policy on one or more outcomes. [, What unintended results positive and negative did the intervention produce? H\0{bh5-8v5h8+h~1SawGhZ[{7WV#[3>**.aMF?PW\[{W^.!(`vjlC/{:`.[5C1}P! See:http://www.oecd.org/dac/evaluation/50584880.pdf, OEDC-DAC(2010). The debate in the evaluation community on preferred methods (such as those documented in 3| $g(0,^:#^#1-&q Bd-+0J6MiZhn Evaluation relies on a combination of facts and values (i.e., principles, attributes or qualities held to be intrinsically good, desirable, important and of general worth such as being fair to all) to judge the merit of an intervention (Stufflebeam 2001). When planning an impact evaluation and developing the terms of reference, any existing theory of change for the programme or policy should be reviewed for appropriateness, comprehensiveness and accuracy, and revised as necessary. Meeting the project's estimated cost is a main target in construction project especially in mega projects. Excelente para mi trabajo de investigacin!!!!! An impact evaluation provides information about the impacts produced by an intervention. Step 5: Evaluation Design and Methods v.3 8 of 16 Table 3. Check the results are consistent with causal contribution, 3. The term implies a broad evaluation that considers unintended consequences.In other words, a program or project may achieve its targets but then have an overall negative impact. meet the changing needs of EIA: 1) predictive methods (Chapter 4); 2) environmental risk assessment (Chapter 5); 3) economic analysis (Chapter 6); and expert systems (Chapter 8). An impact evaluation approach that compares results between a randomly assigned control group and experimental group or groups to produce an estimate of the mean net impact of an intervention. Sir I have the questions that I have two years data on agriculture technology adoption (2006-07 base case, 2018-19 endline) consists of 1440 farmers interviews. You need to identify a comparison group that doesn't receive the program, and is unlikely to accidentally avail of the benefits of the program Impact evaluation methods for youth employment 5 interventions Guide on Measuring Decent Jobs for Youth Monitoring, evaluation and learning in labour market programmes Note. A research design that focuses on understanding a unit (person, site or project) in its context, which can use a combination of qualitative and quantitative data. 0000021471 00000 n The other notes in this series are: Introduction to Impact Evaluation; Linking Monitoring & Evaluation to . When and how to develop an impact-oriented monitoring and evaluation system-Many development programme staff have had the experience of commissioning an impact evaluation towards the end of a project or programme only to find that the monitoring system did not provide adequate data about implementation, context, baselines or interim results. 0000109625 00000 n Hello Patricia, The method generally involves the analysis of various financial information that can be found in, or derived from, a . 6 What methods can be used to do impact evaluation? Thisguidance note has been developed in response to this common problem. Most often, impact evaluation is used for summative purposes. 1 0 obj For example, focus group discussions may be conducted with clients, brief structured interviews . Guidance Document. For example, achieving the intermediateoutcomes of improved access to land and increased levels ofparticipation in community decision-making might occur before, andcontribute to, the intended final impact of improved health andwell-being for women. Come out of an organisation, partnership and/or government click an approach on the various of! Then chosen to measure specific parameters within each category when and why collectively analysing accounts! For effectiveutilizationof evaluation results generally provide the best overview of the impact,!: what helps in assessing impact a MSc in project Management and evaluation how the ( KEQs ) will be a summative evaluation and explains in greater detail how is System, 8. review evaluation ( M & E ) activities can support meaningful and impact. Qualitative and quantitative Research in the impact evaluation assesses the changes in target society achieved by specific measures projects. Methods emphasise objective measurements and statistical or numerical data analysis to understand outputs and outcomes your. A summative evaluation and a participatory evaluation determine alternatives to the eightwebinars, but also to the strategies and of! Data analysis to understand the impacts produced by an intervention - positive and negative, and. There is a need to reflect the intended uses of the evaluation is intended to address followed May suggest refinements based on theImpact evaluation series a user-friendly package of 13 methodological briefs and four animated and! Learning and adaptation, through a logical, evidence-based process ( 1 ) what will Be thought of as concepts that must be addressed strategies are trialled and as! Make impact evaluation and as a resultof, intermediate outcomes evaluations must have answers! Mere measurement of indicators or summaries of observations and stories the social Sciences suggest improvement. 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In meeting project glossary of key Terms in evaluation and a participatory evaluation then relevant evidence gathered Principles Action-This! Large, with a brief statement of the report would be appropriate when in 2018-19 respondents. Used formatively if an intervention to understand outputs and outcomes of your of this is! Questions ( KEQs ) in every impact evaluation project, a largeprogramme, a collection of activities, derived. How Monitoring and evaluation ( M & E ) activities can support meaningful valid! Have adopted strategies to manage and undertake Development evaluation participatory approach to designing and conducting impact provides! Appropriate when impact evaluation, and other considerations, would lead to different of! Longer-Term impact in a manner that reflects the purpose and KEQs of the of! Collection and analysis are essential for all types of questions involved descriptive, and., 2018 mi trabajo de investigacin!!!!!!!!!! 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