The miners' strike 1984-85 February 2022 Other lives Michael McColgan obituary Other lives: Former academic who retrained as a solicitor and worked for families affected by the Hillsborough. A national ballot of NUM members saw strike action over the closures rejected. Check coronavirus cases in your area with our interactive map. Some 136,000 of Britain's 175,000 miners now on strike. Flying pickets arrived in South Wales to prevent miners going to work. Please Note: This document was added to the archive in conjunction with a number of documents from the 1984/1985 British Miners Strike and support work in Tallaght, Dublin. "The miners in south Wales are saying we are not accepting the dereliction of our mining valleys, we are not allowing . On 6th March 1984, the National Coal Board announced that the agreement reached after the 1974 strike had become obsolete, and that to rationalise government subsidisation of industry they intended to close 20 coal mines, with a loss of 20,000 jobs, and many . "In tackling disorder on this scale with courage and determination the police know that they have the support of the overwhelming majority of the public, including members of trade unions.[36]". The winter had been particularly harsh that year and most families were unable to afford heating as the NUM's funds had been seized by the government in October of '84 and miners were unable to claim state benefits because . See for an example, Guardian, 29 July 1985. The incident caused widespread shock and many thought the action was a step too far. Coal mines began to be closed. Another national ballot of NUM members saw strike action rejected. What can you expect when pubs, bars and restaurants reopen? Reasons for both the generation and the persistence of that mythology are sought. The strike by the National Union of Mineworkers began on 6th March 1984, in response to pit closures, wage restraints and heavy reductions in government subsidies. ", "Policing in Scotland. Opposition to the strike was led by the Conservative government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who wanted to reduce . This was particularly felt in the coal industry where the higher rate of the pound increased the price of coal and led to a marked decline in exports. 1984 1 March National Coal Board (NCB) announces closure of Cortonwood pit in Yorkshire - miners at the pit walk out6 March Chancellor Winston Churchill presented his first Budget. Check out our interactive series of lesson plans, worksheets, PowerPoints and assessment tools today! This accords with the Code of Practice in Picketing.[34]". Miners Strike 1984 - 1985, Pictured. The full force of the police, the courts and the media were mobilised to defeat the miners, culminating with the battle of Orgreave on 18 June 1984. Copyright 2022 United Press International, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Reed and Adamson, Miners Strike 1984-1985, pp.44-5, 53-4. David Jones, a picket at Ollerton Colliery, Nottinghamshire was hit in the chest by a brick was thrown at him by an opponent of the strike. Miners' Strike timeline. Check out our miners strike 1984 selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. It has a railway station on the Wakefield Line, providing it with connections to Leeds, Wakefield, Doncaster and Sheffield. June 18 -- Scargill knocked unconscious in Orgreave violence. But the point seems to be that chief officers in Scotland are not in a position to seek mutual aid from their counterparts in England or Wales (or vice versa). Photograph shows a coal gleaning miner carrying a sack of gleaned coal home during the 1984-85 NUM strike. Scottish miners joined the action and by 12 March, half Britain's 187,000 miners had downed tools. The UK miners' strike of 1984-85 was a major industrial action affecting the UK coal industry.The strike by the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) was led by Arthur Scargill, although some NUM members considered it to be unconstitutional and did not observe it.The BBC has referred to the strike as "the most bitter industrial dispute in British history." Ambulance men issued with riot helmets and shields. 132 pits shut. Gentleman takes exception to that. June 21 -- Coal Board chief Ian McGregor warns the strike 'could go on until December or even longer.' June 18 -- Scargill knocked. Although practice varies in light of particular circumstances, the police normally seek to allow a limited number of pickets up to the pit entrance to enable them to communicate with working miners. This article is over 13 years, 7 months old. One cornerstone of the Thatcher government was for far reaching Trade Union reforms, the battle lines where being drawn between the free market economic model and the workforce protection of the Trade Union movement. Selby coalfield was opened providing more jobs in Yorkshire. Letter from Mr MacGregor thanking Chief Constables for their help and support during the miners' strike dispute. 1984: Miners strike over threatened pit closures. July 5 -- Union, Coal Board officials meet for peace talks. [44], NCB Chairman, Mr MacGregor, repeated that miners convicted of violent offences would not be reinstated[45], Government memo, NCB Chairman, Mr MacGregor, repeated that miners convicted of violent offences would not be reinstated.[46]. UK miners' strike (1984-85) UK miners' strike; UK miners' strike - This move request derives from a malformed one at Talk:UK miners' strike#Requested move 21 March 2017. Joe Green, a miner on the picket line at Kellingley colliery, Yorkshire, was killed when a lorry mounted the pavement to enter the pit and ran him down. The courts have recognised that the police may limit the number of pickets in any one place where they have reasonable cause to fear a breach of the peace. There were just 15 coal mines remaining. The 1984 Summer Olympics, also known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad, held in Los Angeles . Wilson called another election to try to gain a majority in the House of Commons. Find Miners Strike 1984 stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Lancaster citizens formed both a Miners Support Group and hosted a summer camp for the children of Northumberland mining families. This article critically reassesses the predominant argument that the 1984-5 miners' strike was inevitably doomed, and examines the potential for alternative courses of action and a different outcome. Minutes from Ministerial Group on Coal[32], 18 June The battle of Orgreave, South Yorkshire 5,000 riot police took on 5,000 protestors. The Thatcher government had prepared against a repeat of the effective 1974 strike by stockpiling coal, converting power station to burn heavy fuel oil and recruiting road hauliers to transport coal. Chief Constables are not subject to instructions from Ministers and none have been given to them. A large concrete block was dropped onto a taxi carrying two strike breakers to work. March 14 -- Violent picketing shuts down more mines. If court orders following successful civil action were not complied with, enforcement could be difficult in itself and might actually increase the problems of the police in maintaining public order. Visit our website to see the FREE workshops in Drawing, Dance, Kni https://t.co/ziN3dpaTQV. What does lockdown lifting look like across the UK? Considerable investment was ploughed into the industry by the government allowing new equipment and mining techniques to be introduced. Mr. Hamilton had the opportunity to be tried before a jury. A massive year-long miner's strike began during March of 1984 in England. He died from the injury to his chest. September Thousands of miners and police clash at Malty Colliery near Rotherham. The 1984 miners' strike was the most bitter industrial dispute in British history. Your cookie preferences have been saved. BOX OFFICE: 020 7722 9301, 2022 Hampstead Theatre| Registered Charity no: 218506. We use cookies to collect anonymous data to help us improve your site browsing March 17 -- Midlands, Northeast and Northwest miners vote against strike. 5 March A year after the strike was called, miners return to work. On the 30th anniversary of the miners' strike, Lord Tebbit, who was then trade and industry minister, has described the industrial action as "a terrible sore" on modern British politics. March 1 -- Pressure from regional coalfields to abandon strike. ", Cabinet Miners' Dispute. Pit Closures Announced Mar 12, 1984. He was succeeded by James Callaghan. Over 5,600 stood trial and more than 100 were jailed, although 1,504 were released without charge. Oct. 28 -- Sunday Times discloses the miners asked Libya for money. Roger Jeary, Former Director of Research at Unite, 2004-2012, and a member of the Trade Union Forum Advisory Group. The 850 miners working at the pit would lose their jobs. 1900: British Labour Party is founded. March 15 -- Striking miner dies on picket line at Ollerton in the Midlands. Around 5,000 women attended. Scargill leads 7,000 pickets, accuses police of brutality. The free marketeers pointed to the 1970s as a decade of strikes and discontent, the 3 day week, a car . Police and Pickets clash, Orgreave coking plant near Sheffield, Yorkshire, Friday 1st June 1984. 1992 Further closures were announced by John Major. Timeline of the 198485 miners' strike. 1984: The beginning of the end for British coal. The occupants failed to comply with police instructions and were arrested and subsequently charged and released[20]. LOOKING BACK ON MINERS' LOST YEAR The stakes for the main parties were so high that the price each was willing to pay, the loss each was willing to sustain, exceeded . November A growing number of miners decide to return to work as Christmas looms. [similar letters to Scottish Police Federation, Association of Chief Police Officers, Association of Scottish Police Superintendents][47]. The biggest rail strike in 30 years is causing severe disruption to passengers this week, with the walkout of at least 40,000 members of the Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT) union. Attorney General[30], "Industrial Action in the Coal Industry: use of the criminal and civil law. In the north, only 35% of 1,000 men employed went on strike [2]. On 29 March 2014 I was in the audience of this conference. The rise in cheaper oil from the Middle East led to a decline in demand for coal. LONDON -- Following is a chronology of events in Britain's miners strike, the longest major labor dispute in the nation's history: --- 1984 March 6 -- State-run National Coal Board announces plans to cut coal output by 4 million tons to stem annual loss of $340 million a year. 2,282 return. July 4 -- British Broadcasting Corporation reports 3,900 arrests, two dead, 640 injured in strike so far. The year-long strike that followed changed the political, economic and social history of Wales forever. The effective cross-border arrangements which can be made are for the exchange of information about the prospective or actual movements of pickets between England and Scotland. 12 March Miners National Union of Mineworkers ( NUM) President Arthur Scargill unites various strikes into nationwide industrial action, without a ballot [13]. Government Officials' memo[23]. 1985 Jan. 10 -- Union votes to expel Nottinghamshire. A widely reported clash during the Miners' Strike took place at Orgreavenear Rotherhamon June 181984. It has in fact been reported today that a coach has been stopped. The government announced plans to close 23 coal mines across the country. The son of a communist miner, he has kept its memory alive at the Shirebrook Miners' Welfare Social Club, founded in 1920. July 18 -- Third round of peace talks collapse. Miners strike in South Yorkshire and some Scottish pits. "On the civil law, the Group took the view that the balance of advantage was still against action in the courts by management in the industries concerned, but if circumstances changed considerably, they should reconsider this and related issues in the light of the report which had been prepared by the Attorney General on tactical options in the dispute, including the relevance of the civil and criminal law." Ian MacGregor was appointed Head of the National Coal Board. Oct. 25 -- High Court orders seizure of union fund. "In short, the Scottish police lack neither the necessary resources nor powers to deal with the problems which the dispute in the mining industry has produced." Ministerial Group on Coal minutes[17]. The UK miners' strike of 1984-5 was a defining moment in the history of the United Kingdom, one that not only illuminates the country's near-history, but functions as a prism through which to. The Gu https://t.co/lw48rnfXwb, We are excited to watch @djhenshall on ITV @thismorning discussing #HTMary Tune in at 10.25 today to learn more o https://t.co/lxVadJ0XHA, What is next in November for #CommunityCreates? The loan was granted on condition that the government made cuts to public spending. In March 1984 more than 187,000 miners came out on strike when the National Coal Board . Note by the Scottish Home and Health Department and the Crown Office." The Minister of State for the Armed Forces had replied that no such preparations had been made." Scottish Home and Health Department have written to the Chief Constables of Central, Fife, Lothian and Borders, and Strathclyde enclosing copies of the statement on criminal law on picketing made on Friday 16 March by the Attorney General with the support, as far as Scotland is concerned, of the Lord Advocate[16]. Strikes began and NUM President, Arthur Scargill used flying pickets (miners from other areas to increase numbers on picket lines) to stop those who wanted to work (strike breakers or Scabs) from entering the pits. (2021). The Coal industry was nationalised and placed under the control of the National Coal Board. Violence in mining villages situation report[43]. ABSTRACT. Many of these mines were in poor economic areas and the miners would find it almost impossible to gain employment elsewhere. Miners in Yorkshire and Kent were the first to down tools this morning - by tonight they had been joined by . The strike was a last, desperate attempt to thwart Thatcher's pit closure programme. The former chair of British Steel, noted for his ruthless closures and redundancies in pursuit of profit, was committed to seeing the Coal Industry turn a profit by whatever means necessary. The ballot was never held. More from National Union of Mineworkers June 18 - The battle of Orgreave - 5,000 riot police took on 5,000 protestors, who pelted officers with bricks and stones. Twenty years ago on March 5, 1984 the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) embarked upon the most important class struggle in Britain since the general strike of 1926. The NUM called for a ban on overtime in protest at a pay rise of 5.2%. More Information and Timeline for the Sino-British Joint Declaration. High Court orders miners leaders to stop backing roving pickets. Not long into the strike the slogan was invented, 'close a pit, kill a community'. July 31 -- South Wales miners assets seized and fined $55,000 for contempt of court over picketing. The new Conservative government began their privatisation programme by selling off the governments 51% stake in British Petroleum (BP). Please refer there for the rationale. He was acquitted. "It seems that your attitude on the question of an amnesty is much more rigorous than that being applied in any other coal field. Violence on the picket lines becomes more widespread. Ian MacGregor announced that around 20 unprofitable coal mines would be closed over the coming year. 98 to 91 decide to end the strike in March 1985, Mr. Strang, Labour, MP, Edinburgh Does the Solicitor-General for Scotland recall the representations that he received from my hon. The boys had dug into an exposed seam of coal in a railway embankment at Goldthorpe, Yorkshire. Visit 'Set cookie preferences' to control specific cookies. This is the final report from the independent review that was commissioned to investigate and report on the impact on communities in Scotland on the policing of the miners' strike 1984 to 1985. Fears over an impending second wave of coronavirus dominates Wednesdays front pages. Over 11,300 miners and their supporters were arrested during the dispute. Local ballots saw a number of areas voting against strike action. Following the ruling that the strike was illegal, a trickle of miners began to return to work. The coal industry had continued to decline and by the end of 1981 there were only 173 mines still in operation. A growing number of miners decide to return to work as Christmas nears[38]. Teenagers Paul Holmes, Darren Holmes, Paul Wormersley and Jim Rawson, sons of striking miners, decided to raise some money for Christmas by digging for coal and selling it locally. For an overview of these documents see the British Miners' Strike 1984/85 Collection. May 1 -- Rival groups of miners throw stones and hurl bricks at each other when 5,000 working miners stage a right-to-work march. The strike ended on 3rd March 1985 following a NUM vote to return to work. Nov. 5 -- Union funds of $3 million seized in Dublin. June 15 -- Miner killed by truck at Ferrybridge power station. The Women Against Pit Closures group held a rally in Barnsley. 17. [33], Throughout the dispute the Scottish police have maintained their low profile tactics deploying only the minimum number of officers to enable working miners to go to their place of work. June 12 -- Cost of policing is estimated at 65 million pounds. May 23 - First talks break down. The miners' strike of 1984-1985 was a major industrial action within the British coal industry in an attempt to prevent colliery closures. A small portion of any purchases from this site goes directly toward funding and supporting Totally Timelines. Prime Minister James Callaghan lost a vote of no confidence and a general election was called. The Thatcher government had prepared against a repeat of the effective 1974 strike by stockpiling coal, converting power station to burn heavy fuel oil and recruiting road hauliers to transport coal. The High Court in Scotland has fairly recently held that there is no limit to the kind of conduct which may give rise to a charge of breach of the peace." see our cookie policy. Women Against Pit Closures held a protest march in London. Subscribe to our emails to be the first to hear about new shows and casting announcements. Ministerial correspondence confirming the police role in the dispute is to uphold the law and order and they don't take direction from Ministers and no need for a public inquiry[29]. ", Sir Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary to Prime Minister[14], Parliamentary Answer from the Attorney General "Picketing is permissible, in terms of criminal law, only if it is peaceful picketing, that is to say, it is carried out for the purpose of peacefully obtaining or communicating information or peacefully persuading another person to work or not to work. 1974 A strike plays a major role in bringing down Edward Heaths government . This is how the local newspaper The East Lothian News summed up its reporting as the miners went back to work. The Chairman of the NCB states that miners convicted of violent offences will not be reinstated[35]. It could be argued that this burden would be eased if management in the industries affected by unlawful picketing had recourse to the civil law. An unsuccessful court action could be a serious setback to efforts to withstand the strike. That is why the Government and the NCB are isolated on this matter. Union moderates call for a strike ballot. It was possible also that Scottish Chief Constables might feel an undue reluctance to call for the help of forces South of the border through mutual aid arrangements.". April 1 -- Some railmen refuse to run Midlands coal trains. He should establish in particular whether Scottish Chief Constables were willing as a matter of policy to take action similar to that in England to prevent pickets from going to the scene of possible disturbances[21]. In East Lothian many communities were affected. 6 March 1984 - National Coal Board announces plans to close 20 coal mines, with a loss of 20,000 jobs. The Miners' Strike of 1984-5 was an event of huge national significance that also affected Lancaster and the surrounding area. The difference in landscape and the higher number of farmers and land workers in the north could be accounted for in this difference. Attorney General. Hampstead Theatre, Leader of the party, Margaret Thatcher became Britains first female Prime Minister. Locals also played host to miners who came to Lancaster to picket the neighbouring . Dec. 2 -- Special union conference votes to fight on. They will be showing similar flexibility in responding to any new threat to the rule of law." The miners threatened strike action and the government backed down due to low levels of stockpiled coal. Police arrest 110. Commentary From The Cedar Lounge Revolution. The Miners' Strike 1984-85. Photo: John Sturrock/reportdigital.co.uk, Beth Steel, in a commanding Main Stage debut, illuminates corners of a story you think you know but you dont. David Hare, writer of The Judas Kiss, Skylight and Pravda, Brush up on your history and find out more about the 1984/5 Miners Strike which inspired Wonderland with our brief timeline. This may involve not only asking some of those present to leave but also preventing others from joining the pickets" "..code of practice issued under the Employment Act 1980in general the number of pickets should not exceed six at any entrance to a workplace" "Any person who fails to comply with a police request in those circumstances [where constable reasonably comes to the conclusion that persons are travelling for the purpose of taking part in a picket] will be committing the offence of obstructing a police officer in the course of his duty[15]". It was a legal requirement for a national ballot to be held prior to strike action and, although many miners supported the strike, there were others who did not. 1985 scan made in 2018. Wonderland: A timeline of the 1984/5 Miners' Strike, Wonderland Director announces exciting new staging plans, Video: Writer and Director introduce Wonderland. Tens of thousands of Britain's miners have stopped work in what looks like becoming a long battle against job losses. Sun, 29/04/1984 - 22:00. On the other hand, it was not certain that recourse to the civil law would in practice have this effect. The Miners Strike was ruled illegal on the grounds that a national ballot of NUM members had not been held. Letter from Secretary of State for Scotland, George Younger, to Chief Constables of Scottish police, "In carrying out their role of upholding the rule of law and protecting the rights of those who wished to work, often in the face of violence, they have, once again, demonstrated their skill and efficiency and reminded us of how much we depend upon the police for the maintenance of freedom and order." A national ballot of NUM members saw strike action rejected. Over 27 million working days were lost in strike action in 1984 (mainly among miners). They were buried when wet soil slid down the embankment. The 850 miners working at the pit would lose their jobs. Thatcher was soon dubbed the Iron Lady due to her rigid stance against the unions and strikers. Women involved attest to the transformative role of the organisation and . 5,000 striking miners clashed with the same number of police and violence broke out resulting in 51 picketers and 72 policemen being injured. The police were brought in to allow workers through resulting in often violent confrontations between pickets and police. 1 March National Coal Board (NCB) announces closure of Cortonwood pit in Yorkshire - miners at the pit walk out; 6 March Scottish and Yorkshire areas of the NUM make strike official March 12 -- Strike nationwide. Aug. 23 -- Second national dock strike called. The miners strike officially ended when many areas called for a return to work. 16. Events of the UK Miners' Strike 1984 (1st March) It was announced that Cortonwood Colliery would be closed. The deployment of police officers is an operational matter for the discretion of the Chief Constable[37]. A cross-party agreement - the "Plan for Coal" - appeared to secure the future of mining in Britain, two years after the February 1972 . 82 arrests, 62 people injured in clashes at Orgreave. Transcript. 25th March 2013. . A bus-load of 42 pickets was proceeding from Hunterston to Ravenscraig following a convoy of coal lorries. In Billy Elliot the Musical Live, young Billy Elliot starts studying ballet during the infamous coal miners' strike of 1984-1985, a real event in Great Britain's history . For Bob and 165,000 miners like him, it was a year marked by poverty and hardship - but they were sustained throughout by a tidal . To only allow the cookies that make the site work, click 'Use essential cookies only.' Police attack miners with rocks, bottles, potatoes studded with nails. Nevertheless, Robert Maxwell owner of the Daily Mirror paid for striking miners and their families to take a trip to the seaside. Key Players . 1984. Timeline. The reduction in demand for coal led to some coal mines being closed. This week marks the 37 th anniversary of the 1984-5 Miners' Strike, one of the most bitter industrial disputes in UK history. Many were now suffering severe financial hardship and felt they had little choice. The sudden resignation of Wilson led to a fall in the value of the stock market and the value of the pound. There are many ways to get to us whether it be by tube, train, bus, car, bike or on foot. The catalyst for the strike was the announcement by the . The closures meant that 20,000 miners would lose their jobs. July 9 -- National dock strike over movement of coal. The strike began to fall apart in the early months of 1985, with miners in many regions reluctantly returning to work. June 7 -- 10,000 miners march through London to Parliament. by aneurin. Read: Calls for inquiry on 30th anniversary of miners' strike. Violence on the picket lines becomes more widespread. The main difference between the police operation in Scotland and that in England and Wales has been the absence of any mutual aid and, therefore, the absence of any requirement for day-to-day coordination on the model of the (England and Wales) National Reporting Centre." London, NW3 3EU The Solicitor-General for Scotland replied, the criteria to be applied in deciding whether to proceed against pickets on criminal charges are the same as those applied in any case where there is an allegation of criminal conduct. More than half the country's 187,000 mineworkers are now on strike. US President retweets video containing 'white power' chant, Leicester could see local lockdown following rise in coronavirus cases, Biden slams Trump over report Russia paid militants for attacks. 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