mercury levels in lake superior fish

They are a lean, low-calorie source of protein. 2Includes: Flounder, Plaice, Sole The Mercury in Newborns in the Lake Superior Basin study was conducted by the MDH Fish Consumption Advisory Program and the MDH Public Health Laboratory from 2007 to 2011, in collaboration with state newborn screening programs in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. The OEPA said fish advisories are most significant for women of child-bearing age, pregnant and nursing mothers, and children younger than 15. But much of it comes from burning coal and other industrial processing, such as making taconite iron ore pellets. Minamata disease, is a neurological disease caused by mercury poisoning. Benefits of Eating Fish Safe-Eating Guidelines Fish from all sources can contain contaminants. This is great news for focused efforts on reducing exposure of fish, wildlife and humans to toxic mercury.. (Many fish in Lake Superior and the St. Louis River already carry advisories for other contaminants like mercury and PCBs.) How was the study conducted? 2008;167(10):1171-1181. . The state also has moved to reduce coal-burning power plant contributions and is helping to develop new ways to reduce mercury from taconite processing. and director of the Center for Water and Society at Michigan Tech. plankton and fish into a sizable dose of heavy metals. Of the 11 varieties shown in the table, nine are low or very low in mercury ( see table ). in the 1800s and 1900s, the researchers found mercury input was higher than expected. Pelagic food chain structure in Ontario Lakes: a determinant of mercury levels in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) Can. Please click here to see any active alerts. and then you need to know how much time it took to be deposited, Kerfoot says. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The levels of mercury in fish from the Williston Reservoir and its tributaries have declined since the mercury warning was issued and are now similar to levels of mercury in natural lakes and rivers in BC for which there are data. The Fish Consumption Advisory Program is evaluating interventions and actions to determine effective ways to reduce mercury exposure in women of child-bearing age in the Lake Superior region. The results, published today in the journal Nature, showed that mercury levels in plankton and fish fell more quickly than expected once new sources of mercury were cut off. Mercury occurs in several chemical forms, with complex pharmacokinetics. Officials with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources in 2019 collected rainbow smelt from Lake Superior that tested positive for high levels of PFOS, a legacy pollutant that often entered . Most mercury exposure to unborn babies occurs when the mother eats fish or shellfish contaminated with a form of mercury called methylmercury. The presence of mercury in fish is a health concern for people who eat them, especially for women who are or may become pregnant, nursing mothers, and young children. What are the strengths and limitations of this study? Moderation and mindfulness are key. Call 802-863-7220 or 800-439-8550 (toll-free in Vermont) if you have questions about mercury in fish. Mercury is a potent, bioaccumulating neurotoxin that can cause developmental and neurological problems, even death in high doses. Results: The mean maternal hair total mercury level was 6.8 ppm and the mean child hair total mercury level at age 66 months was 6.5 ppm. for past mercury deposition and what that might mean for heavy metal contamination. It was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the MDH Fish Consumption Advisory Program, the MDH Public Health Laboratory and the MDHEnvironmental Health Tracking and Biomonitoring Program. AVOID (or eat rarely): Barracuda, escolar, marlin, orange roughy, shark, tuna steak. The Madison-based scientist also is starting a project to determine where Lake Superior region mothers and their babies are picking up those high mercury levels. NOTE: On February 8, 2006, technical changes were made to the data that was posted on January 19, 2006. a person eats that fish, the methyl mercury has accumulated every smidge from every One missing component to this is an understanding of the lower food web dynamics driving mercury biomagnification in trout. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. the lake. Mercury Levels in Blood from Newborns in the Lake Superior Basin GLNPO ID 2007-942 Final Report November 30, 2011 Submitted by: Patricia McCann Minnesota Department of Health Division of Environmental Health 625 Robert Street North P.O. By the time plankton feeds an invertebrate that feeds a fish and then another fish. Overall, 67 percent of the fish and shellfish Americans eat have low or very low mercury levels. Because of bioaccumulation, And the tea-colored streams have a low pH, which apparently helps convert elemental mercury to methylmercury. . In 2002, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality initiated a study to measure (using ultraclean techniques) mercury and MeHg levels in water, sediment, and fish samples collected throughout the Basin. MDH has been sharing specialized fish consumption information with women and their health care providers. Mercury concentrations and trends vary across the Great Lakes. The .gov means its official.Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Babies born during the summer months were more likely to have an elevated mercury level. Overall there has been a steady decline in Hg levels from the late 1970's and early 80's. The accuracy of the analysis was tested using the Lake Superior Fish Tissue SRM, which was run after every sample batch (10 samples run in duplicate). U.S. government agencies recommend keeping your blood mercury levels below 5.0 mcg per liter ( 12 ). Urban, Kerfoot and their team gathered dozens of 5-centimeter diameter core samples A little Although the seasonal effect suggests the source of mercury was methylmercury from eating fish, only total mercury was measured in this study. Assessing the feasibility of this new laboratory method was another purpose of the study. The question remains why the lag is there and there are several possible explanations. Statewide, mercury is the major pollutant in about two-thirds of Minnesota 's impaired waters. Making use of pre-collected newborn screening blood spots made it possible to measure mercury in a large sample of newborns without the need for invasive and medically-unnecessary procedures. How will the study results be used to improve public health? The FDA advises that women at high risk can eat two to three servings a week of seafood with low mercury levels and one serving per week of fish with mid-range levels. We set The mercury concentration measured in some of the trout in this lake exceeds the national guideline level of 0.5ppm. Because this is the only study to report mercury levels in newborn bloodspots, it is unknown how these results compare to maternal and newborn mercury levels reported in other studies. the next step of the research is to scale up. Mercury levels at U.S. EPA monitoring locations since 1999 mirror the Environment Canada results with one exception, in Lake Huron there has been a significant annual increase of mercury in lake trout of ~7%. there are guidelines on how much fish is safe to consume. Statewide Safe-Eating Guidelines: Guidelines for safe fish consumption for pregnant women, women planning pregnancy and children under age 15, as well as the general public. The study used a new kind of chemical fingerprinting, comparing isotopes to determine the source of the mercury. Adult lamprey had the highest mean mercury levels of 3.01g/g, followed by eggs at 0.942g/g, and larvae with the lowest mean of 0.455g/g. To better understand the time lag, and connect local activities to regional impacts, In Minnesota, ten percent of tested newborns had concentrations above the reference dose. How will the study results be used to improve public health? Lake trout collected in the vicinity of Pie Island (Lake Superior) had the highest average mercury levels (0.194 g/g ww), whereas the lowest levels were observed in the Eastern Basin of Lake Erie (0.077 g/g ww). Secure .gov websites use HTTPS The organic form is bioavailablemeaning it is readily Bluefish, grouper, and salt water fish like shark, swordfish, mackerel and orange roughy . The fourth lake in the study, Shoepack Lake, saw no significant changes in mercury levels, which is attributed to a 2004 forest fire and a beaver dam blow-out in 2012 . Mercury levels in the fish steadily declined from the mid-1970s to 2007 in the upper Great Lakes of Superior and Huron and leveled-off in Lake Ontario walleye between 1990 and 2007, said Satyendra . The advisory to limit meals of smelt to one per month is the first PFAS-specific warning for Lake Superior, and for the Great Lakes, and has now been adopted by the Minnesota Department of Health as well, said Patt McCann . Booms and busts rocked not just the areas economy, but also heavy metal fluxes. No Michigan samples were above the U.S. EPA dose limit. Environment Canada and U.S. EPA data were used in the analyses of both studies and correspond with their findings. You can reach him at jmyers@duluthnews.com. It tells us that you cant just solve the legacy mercury issues, but we have to shut off the mercury thats going into the atmosphere if we are going to reduce mercury in Lake Superior and Lake Huron, Dave Krabbenhoft, a Wisconsin-based mercury researcher for the USGS who took part in the study, told the News Tribune. Maternal fish intake during pregnancy, blood mercury levels, and child cognition at age 3 years in a US cohort. February 9, 2016. Where can I obtain more Information? What were the results? The northern and westernmost of the Great Lakes of North America, it straddles the Canada-United States border with the province of Ontario to the north, and the states of Minnesota to the northwest and Wisconsin . 2006). For each core, you need to know the concentration of the total inorganic mercury, The legacy of mercury in Lake Superior by Allison Mills, Michigan Technological University Aboard the R.V. scale, the microbes living in sediments needed time to recover from copper toxicity very least, knowing how much mercury is present in the environment changes the conversation Despite that progress, the levels of mercury in large game fish like lake trout has remained stubbornly high, failing to fall in line with the gradual reduction in pollution. "The lake sediments all show a decline in mercury loading, but we haven't seen the concentration fall in fish." Currently, the National Atmospheric Deposition Program reports low levels of mercury These data (22 sites) were used to examine spatio-temporal variability of mercury levels in herring gull (Larus argentatus) eggs, lake trout (Salvelinus . Advisory Area. By Communications and Publishing March 18, 2019. The element is known to bioaccumulate in humans, so bioaccumulation in seafood carries over into . 14.8. In 2014, Ontario accounted for 28% of national emissions, at 1.2 tonnes. Total mercury levels in Lake Superior rainbow smelt (g/g +/- S.E. In a new study published in the Journal of Great Lakes Research in February, an interdisciplinary team from Michigan Technological University examined the legacy of mercury in Lake Superior. Minnesota officials for years have been working to remove mercury from land-based sources such as batteries, switches, thermostats and dental fillings. Exceedances of the guideline only occurred in ~4% of the Lake Trout captured in Lake Superior. This means that some pregnant women in the Lake Superior region, and in Minnesota, have mercury exposures that need to be reduced. No relationships were seen between the level of mercury and the baby's sex or urban/non-urban residence. process, and the more mining, smelting and processing taking place, then the more This finding is part of a study to better understand why mercury concentrations in striped bass are higher in the lower part of the . Mean mercury concentration in lake trout/walleye from 1999 through 2009. Recently however, some mercury levels in fish appear to be increasing. The table is sorted by MERCURY CONCENTRATION MEAN (PPM) from fish with lowest levels of mercury to highest levels of mercury. Am J Epidemiol. The study entitled Observed decrease in atmospheric mercury explained by global decline in anthropogenic emissions was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. in the Keweenaw gives researchers a baseline to start comparing additional sites around Following the change, mercury levels have been stable in lakes Huron and Ontario and appear to be increasing in lakes Superior and Erie. Other fish that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration suggests avoiding due to mercury include marlin, orange roughy, tilefish and bigeye tuna. 651-201-5000 Phone 3Includes: Sea bass (black, Striped), Rockfish. Once On October 6, 2014, technical changes were made to allow viewers to review the list in order of mercury levels and in alphabetical order by fish species. Thereis anassumption that concentrations of mercury in top predator fish are atmospherically driven and increases may be a reflection, in part, of increased global mercury emissions (Pacyna et al. Agassiz, researchers gather data about past mercury deposition in the Lake. The northern Great Lakes are praised for being clean, but these aquatic systems dont For example, the walleye in Clay . There have been several studies on spatial and temporal trends of mercury in fish in the Great Lakes region (Bhavsar et al 2010; Monson et al. 888-345-0823 Toll-free. Its likely from eating high-mercury fish, experts say, but its not clear if that means Lake Superior fish, inland lake fish or ocean fish from the supermarket. But here, we can show that the In wetter weather, water levels rise and levels of mercury in fish increase. And we really want to know if paying hundreds of millions of dollars to dredge up mercury (in the sediment) is really going to do any good when the mercury getting into the food web may actually be coming from the atmosphere, Krabbenhoft said. Catfish, anchovies, flounder, haddock, perch, tilapia and whiting are just a few with lower amounts. See also Mercury Concentrations in Fish: FDA Monitoring Program. Newborn screening programs test for a number of heritable or congenital conditions. Krabbenhoft also is involved in new studies that will help fingerprint exactly where mercury isotopes are coming from - local, regional or global sources - and another study in Wisconsin and Minnesota that will determine if mercury in St. Louis River and Fox River fish is coming from old mercury in the sediment or new mercury in the atmosphere. Thursday, 10-Mar-2022 20:24:27 CST, Health Care Facilities, Providers, and Insurance, Healthy Communities, Environment and Workplaces, Resources, Reports & Technical Information. Instead, researchers say, the biggest of the Great Lakes gets most of its mercury through airborne deposition. Put Fish on Your Plate - Follow the Safe-Eating Guidelines to choose fish low in mercury and other contaminants. The researchers found that mercury levels in the fish steadily declined from the mid-1970s to 2007 in the upper Great Lakes (Superior and Huron). Five of the most commonly eaten fish that are low in mercury are shrimp, canned light tuna, salmon, pollock, and catfish. some metalsincluding mercurymake their way into water bodies. Information for Health Care Providers. Suggested Fish Serving Frequency. Indeed, mercury is detected at quantifiable levels (2 mg/kg) in every fish sample collected from all 500 lakes in the United States, and the values of mercury in predators range from 23 mg/kg to . Box 64975 St. Paul, MN 55164-0975 651-201-4915 patricia.mccann@state.mn.us GLNPO ID 2007942 Final Report Contaminants still find their way into lake water and sediments. While a newborn is still in the hospital, a few drops of blood are routinely collected from the babys heel to send to a states newborn screening program. An official website of the United States government. Click to open larger map. A recent study found that nearly 1 in 10 newborn children in the Lake Superior region has levels of mercury in their blood considered unsafe by federal guidelines. . Federal employees are taxpayers, too. It is especially dangerous for fetuses and young children. 1Includes: Blue, King, Snow Official websites use .gov While the study used new methods, the results bolster what others have found in past years - that even lakes in remote areas like northern Minnesota can contain high levels of mercury that falls from the sky. At the Federal, state and local governments issue fish consumption advisories when fish are unsafe to eat. The rural campus is situated just miles from Lake Superior in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, offering year-round opportunities for outdoor adventure. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Some mercury that goes into the atmosphere occurs naturally, such as from volcanoes. Nearly half the fish tested had mercury levels above 0.4 ppm and 20 of the 117 lakes that were sampled produced fish with mercury levels over the Food and Drug Administration's safety limit of 1.0 ppm. The rice grows on the Kakagon-Bad River Sloughs, which sit atop 16,000 acres of wetlands on the southern rim of Lake Superior. 2011). time lag of 20 to 40 years.. Understanding the quantity and timing of the initial inorganic deposition is then Still, many Northland lakes and rivers hold fish that are unsafe for some people to eat because of high mercury levels. Mercury concentrations in top predator fish are equal to or approaching the concentrations measured at the beginning of the monitoring program in the late 1970s. Please enable javascript and refresh the page to continue reading local news. crucial for understanding how much methylation occurs and how much methyl mercury Diagnosis of mercury toxicity can be challenging but can be obtained with reasonable reliability. Mercury is a naturally occurring element that is found in air, water and food. The Fish Health Alert lists which fish and how many fish meals the Health Department recommends eating in one month. This . amount coming from other sources like regional coal power plants.. 2011; Zananski et al. Studies in the past have looked at the effects that the toxic metal has on fish living in the . Thats where Kerfoot and Urban Chicago (Oct. 4, 2012) - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency today announced a $1.4 million Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) grant to the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) to reduce mercury exposure risk for women and children who live along Lake Superior's north shore. Three percent of the Wisconsin samples were above the U.S. EPA dose limit. This mercury is in the more toxic, methylmercury form. Between 1990 and 2010, global mercury emissions from manmade sources declined 30 percent, according to the joint effort by Harvard University, Peking University, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry and the University of Alberta. wet weight, whole fish) Here is a typical temporal/spatial trend for mercury in a major Great Lakes forage fish species (smelt). Even so, the study results show that pregnant women and those planning pregnancy need more information on how to select fish low in mercury. Aquat. taken up and stored in organismsand tends to accumulate up the food chain. In Minnesota, informed consent was obtained from a parent before a babys blood was tested for mercury. Mercury in Great Lakes fish remains steady despite reductions in pollution Published: Oct. 28, 2020, 10:00 a.m. High water laps the north Grand Haven fishing pier on June 20, 2019. Mercury Levels in Blood from Newborns in the Lake Superior Basin (PDF), Mercury in Residual Bloodspots of Newborns from the Lake Superior Basin Region (PDF), Minnesota Biomonitoring Program: Chemicals in People, Chemicals of Special Concern to Childrens Health, A Quick Reference Guide for Clinicians: Fish Consumption to Promote Good Health and Minimize Contaminants (PDF), Mercury poisoning from skin lightening products. In the Keweenaw Waterway and Torch Lake, lakebed sediments For more information, call (800) 755-4769. by boat, then lugged them back to the lab for analysis. On this page: The Federal EPA action limit on mercury is 0.3ppm. The following species have been removed from the tables: Standard deviation data generated from data 1990 to 2012. Kerfoot points out that the research The spatial differences in lake trout and walleye mercury levels during this period have generally been within a factor of 2-3 with Lakes Erie and Superior having the lowest and highest. We document that the mining effort was discharging mercury at 1,000 times the normal Brain mercury levels were significantly correlated with lower odds of macroinfarcts and microinfarcts. Both studies found that generally, the declines in mercury concentrations observed up until approximately 1990 have ceased and that mercury concentrations in fish have started to increase. providing Ontarians with advice on safe consumption of fish with our Guide to Eating Ontario Fish. Updated That's good news. Mercury Levels in Blood from Newborns in the Lake Superior Basin (PDF) Fish Consumption Guidance. Within the first three years, the amount of . The area serves as a spawning ground for lake sturgeon, walleye,. A new study by the U.S. Geological Survey confirms that most of the mercury in Lake Superior is coming from airborne deposition, mercury that floated around in the atmosphere before falling into the lake in rain and snow. These include brown trout, brook trout, rainbow trout, and lake trout. director of the Lake Superior Ecosystem Research Center at Michigan Tech. Mercury Concentrations in Fish: FDA Monitoring Program, An official website of the United States government, Recalls, Market Withdrawals and Safety Alerts, Lead in Food, Foodwares, and Dietary Supplements, Closer to Zero: Action Plan for Baby Foods, Chemical Contaminants, Metals & Pesticides in Food, Mercury Levels in Commercial Fish and Shellfish (1990-2012), BASS (SALTWATER, BLACK, STRIPED, ROCKFISH) [3]. Concentrations of mercury are similar across all fish in all Great Lakes. That mercury can be transformed into a toxic state, called methylation, in plants and then moves up the food chain, contaminating fish and animals that eat fish, including people. Fish. The survey found fish whose mercury levels ranged from less than 0.1 ppm to over 3.4 ppm. This was a large study; about 30 percent of the Minnesota babies born in the study area were tested.However these results may not be representative of the newborns in the Lake Superior Basin or in Minnesota. Ongoing biomonitoring conducted will track the progress of interventions and actions to reduce mercury exposure and protect future generations. Fish and shellfish concentrate mercury in their bodies, often in the form of methylmercury, a highly toxic organomercury compound. the legacy of mercury in Lake Superior. . The reduction in atmospheric mercury was most pronounced over North America and Europe, where several factors helped, including phasing mercury out of commercial products, controls on coal-burning power plants and a move to more natural gas to generate electricity. The report, put together by . Researchers also noted that efforts to combat acid rain pollution, requiring pollution control devices to scrub nitrous oxide and sulfur dioxide out of smokestacks, had the unintended benefit of also capturing mercury. What was the purpose of the study? Lake Superior Mercury Origins 1 by Daniel Kelly January 14, 2016 Most of the mercury getting into Lake Superior doesn't come from runoff, according to a new study from scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey. Mercury is capable of inducing a wide range of clinical presentations. . Context: Human neurodevelopmental consequences of exposure to methyl-mercury (MeHg) from eating fish remain a question of public health concern. All five of the Great Lakes still have fish . As a result of the study, MDH is strengthening outreach and communication efforts to health care providers and others, to ensure that the public has information that promotes eating fish low in mercury. A 2011 study found mercury levels in sediment core samples taken from 91 inland lakes across the region were down 20 percent from 1980s levels but mercury concentrations remain three to four times higher than pre-industrial levels. Meanwhile, another of the lakes studied, Brown Lake, received significantly more contaminated water from a polluted lake upstream, and mercury levels in fish rose accordingly. The mercury measured in newborns represents exposure to the fetus that occurred near the time of birth. Mercury usually causes no symptoms at low levels. Highest levels of mercury are found in sharks, swordfish, tilefish, and king mackerel. Once the mercury additions stopped, they spent the next eight years examining how mercury levels declined throughout the lake. 15.0. To be eligible, the mother had to reside in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan; near Lake Superior. out to quantify this depositionand it was a real wake-up call.. In the state of California, there are 74 lakes listed as impaired from mercury pollution by the State Water Resources Control Board. In Williston and Dinosaur reservoir watersheds and reference areas predatory fish, such as bull trout and lake . Expand All Contract All Eating fish is good for you - benefits outweigh risks when eating fish low in mercury and other contaminants. Cod has a slightly above average methylmercury level; see Mercury in Tuna Fish. On a smaller The work can also affect how remediation is done with mercury contamination. and wetland regrowth could have played a part in remobilizing mercury. Lake Michigans mercury comes about half from each source, runoff and air, the research concluded. Fetuses, infants, and young children are most at risk from mercury exposure because small amounts of mercury can harm the developing brain and nervous system. surface waters. The blood samples were anonymized; meaning, there was no personally-identifying information attached to the blood sample. James Hurley, Wisconsin Sea Grant director and part of the research team, said determining where mercury comes from is important because it helps us figure out the best way to stop it from going into the environment. Note the wavy markings, called vermiculations, that help identify this species. exist in a vacuum. deposition rate in the region, says W. Charles Kerfoot, a professor of biology and 381-389. The phenomenon was discovered by a team of . They compared the mercury signatures in the lakes against those previously found in lake trout and burbot (eelpout) from the same lakes. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. is hanging out in the ecosystem. The PEI Department of Health and Social Services is advising the public that pregnant women and children under the age of 8 should avoid eating trout from O'Keefe Lake. The main goal of this study was to see how much mercury newborn babies born to mothers living in the Lake Superior Basin have in their blood. AHNAPEE RIVER ANNABELLE LAKE, VILAS COUNTY ANODANTA LAKE, BAYFIELD COUNTY ARBUTUS LAKE ON BLACK RIVER, CLARK/JACKSON COUNTIES BADFISH CREEK IN DANE COUNTY BALLARD CHAIN (BALLARD, IRVING, AND WHITE BIRCH LAKES), VILAS COUNTY BASS LAKE, PRICE COUNTY, T40 R2W S15 BASS-LONG LAKES, LINCOLN COUNTY, T34 R08E S16 BEARSKULL LAKE, IRON . MINOCQUA, WISCONSIN - A new study has found an unexpected connection between water levels in lakes and toxic mercury levels in fish. Oken E, Radesky JS, Wright RO, et al. Most human exposure results from fish consumption or dental amalgam. 2010; Monson et al. The data shows that local and regional efforts to reduce mercury emissions matter significantly. Continued monitoring of mercury levels in fish is required to definitively determine the rate of increase in mercury in all the lakes and adequately assess the future risk to wildlife consumers of fish in the Great Lakes basin. record these mercury-rich layers in lighter bands. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Mercury Levels in Commercial Fish and Shellfish (1990-2012) Mercury and Methylmercury Main Page See also Mercury Concentrations in Fish: FDA Monitoring Program The table is sorted by. Reductions in U.S., Canadian and European mercury emissions have helped reduce the overall atmospheric load during the past 30 years even as more mercury was coming from Asia. currently (2019), there are fish consumption advisories for elevated concentrations of mercury in consumable fish from all five great lakes, yet natural resource managers in this region are hampered by a poor understanding of how mitigation of sources relates to bioaccumulation responses and effects, which hampers effective strategies to reduce before being abundant enough to methylate mercury. Consumption or dental amalgam news Tribune following species have been listed as by Has more mercury than light canned tuna the observed trend reversal in mercury and the environment for the Duluth Tribune! 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You feel you have questions about mercury in blood left over from newborn screening is Great for Ten percent of the health Department recommends eating in one month mercury signatures in the past have looked the At levels temporal Lake mercury levels in lake superior fish and Lake Oroville ground for Lake sturgeon walleye. Most recent guide to eating fish suggests it is safe to consume see mercury in the United States shellfish

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