But, f you want some inspiration for such cases, see: https://www.comsol.com/blogs/hydrodynamic-thermal-transport-in-the-kinetic-collective-model/. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-472. Dear Amir, When using a surface heat load, you must manually account for the absorptivity of the material at the laser wavelength and scale the deposited beam power appropriately. A constant radiation hits an slab and part of that is transferred through the slab, part is absorbed within the slab and part is reflected. I want to model Laser cutting and Laser drilling using COMSOL Multiphysics can you please help me on the step by step approach of the Simulation. A good example to build upon is: It is, however, also quite easy to manually set up such a surface heat load using only the COMSOL Multiphysics core package, as shown in the example here. You could simply add heat transfer in solids, and then use the laser-heating multiphysics coupling. The appropriate way to set up such a model is described in our earlier blog entry Modeling Laser-Material Interactions with the Beer-Lambert Law. hello While many different types of laser light sources exist, they are all quite similar in terms of their outputs. Typically, the output of a laser is also focused into a narrow collimated beam. Instead, we can use the radiation in participating media approach. Imagine I excite a laser beam in frequency domain, I solve the problem for all frequencies of interest, can I get with an inverse Fourier Transform ( FREQUENY TO TIME ) the Reflectivity as a function of time or/and space? listed if standards is not an option). Hello Walter, This information will be useful in guiding you toward the appropriate approach for your modeling needs. A silicon wafer is heated up by a laser that moves radially in and out over time. For this, you will want to explicitly model the fluid flow using the Heat Transfer Module or the CFD Module, which can solve for both the temperature and flow fields. A surface heat source assumes that the energy in the beam is absorbed over a negligibly small distance into the material relative to the size of the object that is heated. When laser light hits a solid material, part of the energy is absorbed, leading to localized heating. This consent may be withdrawn. Here, we need to use the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface, which is available in both the Wave Optics Module and the RF Module. The beam envelope method, available within the Wave Optics Module, is the most appropriate choice in this case. Do you have example for top-hat square model? Particular functionality may be common to several products. The transient thermal response of the wafer is . Mit der Anmeldung erklre ich mich damit einverstanden, dass COMSOL meine Daten gem meinen Prferenzen und wie in der Datenschutzerklrung von COMSOL beschrieben erfasst, speichert und verarbeitet. Hitesh D. Vora, Narendra B. Dahotre, Surface topography in three-dimensional laser machining of structural alumina, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Volume 19,2015, Pages 49-58, ISSN 1526-6125,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2015.04.002. A question that we are asked all of the time is if COMSOL Multiphysics can model laser-material interactions and heating. This does include a top-hap profile boundary condition option within the Incident Intensity feature. I have problem modeling radiation heat transfer in a slab. Laser Heating of a Silicon Wafer A silicon wafer is heated up by a laser that moves radially in and out over time. This is the case when modeling a focused laser light as well as waveguide structures like a Mach-Zehnder modulator or a ring resonator. A laser beam focused through two lenses. The approach is appropriate if the wave vector is approximately known throughout the modeling domain and whenever you know approximately the direction in which light is traveling. The beam envelope method solves the full Maxwells equations when the field envelope is slowly varying. Typically, the output of a laser is also focused into a narrow collimated beam. When using the Beer-Lambert law approach, the absorption coefficient of the material and reflection at the material surface must be known. For this, you will want to explicitly model the fluid flow using the Heat Transfer Module or the CFD Module, which can solve for both the temperature and flow fields. Is there a blog entry or tutorial model for the beam envelope method? Today, we will discuss various approaches for simulating the heating of materials illuminated by laser light. Modeling Laser-Material Interactions with the Beer-Lambert Law, Modeling the losses in a gold nanosphere illuminated by a plane wave, https://www.comsol.com/model/time-to-frequency-fft-analysis-of-a-distributed-bragg-reflector-89811, https://www.comsol.com/model/self-focusing-14639, https://www.comsol.com/blogs/hydrodynamic-thermal-transport-in-the-kinetic-collective-model/, Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics, 2022 by COMSOL. I have some questions: This technique is suitable for modeling heat transfer within a material, where there is significant heat flux inside the material due to radiation. 3. To determine the right combination of products for your modeling needs, review the Specification Chart and make use of a free evaluation license. A good example of using the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface: Modeling the losses in a gold nanosphere illuminated by a plane wave, as illustrated below. This would be a question which would be appropriate to ask directly to your COMSOL Support Team. This collimated, coherent, and single frequency light source can be used as a very precise heat source in a wide range of applications, including cancer treatment, welding, annealing, material research, and semiconductor processing. I was thinking of drawing two separate geometries:- Please advise. 2 Video Discussions on Multiphysics Simulation of Optics and Photonics, Developing a Silicon MEMS Chip for On-Demand DNA Synthesis, Modeling a Pacemaker Electrode in COMSOL Multiphysics. This is demonstrated in our Rapid Thermal Annealing tutorial model. Thus far, we have only considered the heating of a solid material that does not change phase. The absorption within domains is modeled via a complex-valued refractive index. The heating of liquids and gases and the modeling of phase change will be covered in a future blog post. Any of these properties can be temperature dependent. If the heated domain is large, but the laser beam is tightly focused within it, neither the ray optics nor the Beer-Lambert law modeling approach can accurately solve for the fields and losses near the focus. Solid materials can be either partially transparent or completely opaque to light at the laser wavelength. If the material interacting with the beam has geometric features that are comparable to the wavelength, we must additionally consider exactly how the beam will interact with these small structures. Additionally, the RF Module offers a Microwave Heating interface (similar to the Laser Heating interface described above) and couples the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface to the Heat Transfer in Solids interface. Close to the top of the listing is a simulation of the laser as a moving heat source. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. can you help me about that please. Beer-Lambert Law If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. Available in the core COMSOL Multiphysics package, this interface is suitable for modeling heat transfer in solids and features fixed temperature, insulating, and heat flux boundary conditions. The incident heat flux from the laser is modeled as a spatially distributed heat source on the surface. If the materials under consideration are transparent to laser light, it is likely that they are also partially transparent to thermal (infrared-band) radiation. When you expect the temperature variations to be significant, you may also need to consider the wavelength-dependent surface emissivity. The tutorial forms part of a video series aimed at demonstrating laser machining fundamentals using finite element analysis (FEA).Reference Article: Vora, H.D., Santhanakrishnan, S., Harimkar, S.P. Especially since this domain is of a homogeneous material illuminated by a steady beam, and would not have features sizes comparable to the phonon and IR wavelengths nor short-time duration phenomena that might motivate a more complex thermal model, such as a Cattaneo-type equation . In addition, the wafer itself is rotated on its stage. The laser itself is not explicitly modeled, and it is assumed that the fraction of laser light that is reflected off the material is never reflected back. I want to simulate phase change with laser heating over metal ( solid material ) to see how laser melt it. The incident heat flux from the laser is modeled as a spatially distributed heat source on the surface. 1. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version I was thinking of drawing two separate geometries:- The CFD Module, however, has certain additional turbulent flow modeling capabilities, which are described in detail in this previous blog post. This example investigates the electrical performance of a cascaded cavity filter operating in the millimeter-wave 5G band with temperature changes. I need help in designing the optical cable with a nanoparticle attached at its one end and study the effect of passing a laser through it. The interface also includes various boundary conditions for modeling convective heat transfer to the surrounding atmosphere or fluid, as well as modeling radiative cooling to ambient at a known temperature. How can I describe the laser beam as Gaussian beam in Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency domain? At surfaces, you can use a reflection or an absorption coefficient. A laser beam focused through two lenses. These techniques do not directly solve Maxwells equations, but instead treat light as rays. At surfaces, you can use a reflection or an absorption coefficient. You can use the Beer-Lambert law approach if you know the incident laser intensity and if there are no reflections of the light within the material or at the boundaries. Online Support Center: https://www.comsol.com/support The laser itself is not explicitly modeled, and it is assumed that the fraction of laser light that is reflected off the material is never reflected back. https://www.comsol.com/model/self-focusing-14639 An example of this approach from our Application Gallery can be found here. I already know the absorptance, reflectance and transmittance of the slab. Im trying to obtain an output very similar to the one illustrated in this post but I cant get the Laser Heating coupling quite right. Please advise. Beer-Lambert Law If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. How should I model this? Since the beam may scatter in all directions, the mesh must be reasonably uniform in size. 2. A laser beam focused through two lenses. For instances where you are expecting significant radiation between the heated object and any surrounding objects at varying temperatures, the Heat Transfer Module has the additional ability to compute gray body radiative view factors and radiative heat transfer. This infrared light will be neither coherent nor collimated, so we cannot use any of the above approaches to describe the reradiation within semitransparent media. These couplings are automatically set up when you add the Laser Heating interface under Add Physics. In addition, the wafer itself is rotated on its stage. If the heated domain is large, but the laser beam is tightly focused within it, neither the ray optics nor the Beer-Lambert law modeling approach can accurately solve for the fields and losses near the focus. Imagine I excite a laser beam in frequency domain, I solve the problem for all frequencies of interest, can I get with an inverse Fourier Transform ( FREQUENY TO TIME ) the Reflectivity as a function of time or/and space? In this blog post, we have looked at the various modeling techniques available in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment for modeling the laser heating of a solid material. What may help: go to "Community" on the COMSOL website. The finite element mesh only needs to be fine enough to resolve the temperature fields as well as the laser spot size. Both of these material properties can be functions of temperature. A laser beam focused through two lenses. In this video, you learn how to model a moving laser heat source (pulsed and continuous wave mode) in COMSOL Multiphysics. This approach assumes that the laser light beam is perfectly parallel and unidirectional. I have some questions: A good example of using the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface: Modeling the losses in a gold nanosphere illuminated by a plane wave, as illustrated below. Solid materials can be either partially transparent or completely opaque to light at the laser wavelength. Within this blog post, we will neglect convection and concern ourselves only with the heating of solid materials. This is demonstrated in our Rapid Thermal Annealing tutorial model. Get the latest business insights from Dun & Bradstreet. Modeling the temperature rise and heat flux within and around the material additionally requires the Heat Transfer in Solids interface. The beam envelope method, available within the Wave Optics Module, is the most appropriate choice in this case. This information will be useful in guiding you toward the appropriate approach for your modeling needs. Additionally, we must concern ourselves with the relative scale as compared to the wavelength of light. 1. It would be very helpful if there was an example in similar description format as the one using the Beer-Lambert Law. The losses in the sphere and the surrounding electric field magnitude are plotted, along with the mesh. I want to model Laser cutting and Laser drilling using COMSOL Multiphysics can you please help me on the step by step approach of the Simulation. Thermo-Structural Effects on a Cavity Filter. The Deposited Beam Power feature in the Heat Transfer Module is used to model two crossed laser beams. In this video, you learn how to model a moving laser heat source (pulsed and continuous wave mode) in COMSOL Multiphysics. This is most easily done with the Deposited Beam Power feature (shown below), which is available with the Heat Transfer Module as of COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.1. Laser light is very nearly single frequency (single wavelength) and coherent. Is the Microwave heating physic suitable for use in this case? When using a surface heat load, you must manually account for the absorptivity of the material at the laser wavelength and scale the deposited beam power appropriately. 2. https://www.comsol.com/model/self-focusing-14639 The question is quite simple , in RF (frequency domain) we can find , A(), R() , () : absorption ,refrection and transimition as a function of frequency. I already know the absorptance, reflectance and transmittance of the slab. You should also know the relative sizes of the objects you want to heat, as well as the laser wavelength and beam characteristics. 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