1963: Bertelsmann Verlagsgruppe, with an afterword written by Theo Lbsack. Because the Commission cannot dictate to licensees what programming they air, each individual radio and TV station licensee generally has discretion to select what its station broadcasts and to otherwise determine how it can best serve its community of license. The overarching theme of Silent Spring is the powerfuland often negativeeffect humans have on the natural world. As mentioned earlier, we expect station licensees to be aware of the important problems and issues facing their local communities and to foster public understanding by presenting programming that relates to those local issues. Underwriting Announcements on Noncommercial Educational Stations In the case of an application for renewal of a television license, the station has complied with the limitations on commercial matter aired during childrens programming and filed the necessary Childrens Television Programming Reports (FCC Form 2100, Schedule H). We do not license TV or radio networks (such as CBS, NBC, ABC or Fox) or other organizations that stations have relationships with, such as PBS or NPR, except if those entities are also station licensees. The magazine and book publications proceeded as planned, as did the large Book-of-the-Month printing, which included a pamphlet by William O. Douglas endorsing the book. Political File (73.3526(e)(6), 73.3527(e)(5)) (retain for two years). Island remained registered as corporations in both the United States and UK, but control of its brands changed hands multiple times as new companies were formed, diminishing the corporation's distinction as the "parent" of any sublabels. Because podcast content is often free, podcasting is often classified as a disruptive medium, adverse to the maintenance of traditional revenue models. Below are lists of the top 10 contributors to committees that have raised at least $1,000,000 and are primarily formed to support or oppose a state ballot measure or a candidate for state office in the November 2022 general election. Some are underwritten by corporations or sponsored, with the inclusion of commercial advertisements. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. [69][70][71] While science-fiction and horror are quite popular, fiction podcasts cover a full range of literary genres from romance, comedy, and drama to fantasy, sci-fi, and detective fiction. [16] Despite the etymology, the content can be accessed using any computer or similar device that can play media files. [13] The term was first used in the audioblogging community in September 2004, when Danny Gregoire introduced it in a message to the iPodder-dev mailing list,[14][15] from where it was adopted by podcaster Adam Curry. Send notices of openings to organizations in the community that are involved in employment if the organization requests such notices; and. Carson attended the White House Conference on Conservation in May 1962; Houghton Mifflin distributed proof copies of Silent Spring to many of the delegates and promoted the upcoming serialization in The New Yorker. Artists such as Dolly Parton, Aimee Mann, Prince, Public Enemy, among others, have done this. This page was last edited on 21 October 2022, at 17:42. All television sets with screens 13 inches or larger manufactured since mid-1993, including digital sets, have built-in decoder circuitry. The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. [41], Brand and trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos, "Independent Music is now a growing force in the global market", "The Rise And Fall Of Major Record Labels", "5 Lessons Big Record Labels Learned From Independents", "Inside Prince's Career-Long Battle to Master His Artistic Destiny", "CNN Transcript Special Event: Lars Ulrich, Roger McGuinn Testify Before Senate Judiciary Committee on Downloading Music on the Internet", "Musicians That Were Forced To Change Their Album Covers", "What It's Like When A Label Won't Release Your Album", "Tinashe's Studio Session Tale Shows How Ruthless The Music Business Is", "What's it like for musicians whose labels won't release their music? Profane Material. Once the FCC grants the application, the permittee becomes a licensee, which authorizes the new licensee to operate for a stated period of time, up to eight years. https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/how-comment, https://www.fcc.gov/media/radio/digital-radio, https://www.fcc.gov/media/television/broadcast-television-license-renewal for television, https:www.fcc.gov/media/radio/broadcast-radio-license-renewal, https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/filing-informal-complaint, https://www.fcc.gov/proceedings-actions/daily-digest, https://www.fcc.gov/media/policy/political-programming, https://consumercomplaints.fcc.gov/hc/en-us. As is the case with most other federal agencies, the FCC generally cannot adopt or change rules without first describing or publishing the proposed rules and asking the public for comment. A record company may use an imprint to market a particular genre of music, such as jazz, blues, country music, or indie rock. Once the application is received, the FCC will issue a Public Notice and begin a 30-day period during which petitions to deny the application can be filed. (The requirements for the EEO portion of the public file are discussed further in this Manual.) All of the Title 47 rules can be found on the Government Printing Offices website, https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47. [62], The creation of the Environmental Protection Agency by the Nixon Administration in 1970 addressed another concern that Carson had written about. Station licensees, as the trustees of the publics airwaves, must use the broadcast medium to serve the public interest. Entertainment lawyers are usually employed by artists to discuss contract terms. Type in the business or charity name in the Find search box. Stations must renew their licenses before they expire. On occasion, established artists, once their record contract has finished, move to an independent label. Having a business name does not separate the business entity from the owner, which means that the owner of the business is responsible and liable for debts incurred by the Nevertheless, there are two issues related to broadcast journalism that are subject to Commission regulation: hoaxes and news distortion. Podcasts can be produced at little to no cost and are usually disseminated free-of-charge, which sets this medium apart from the traditional 20th-century model of "gate-kept" media and their production tools. Networks, broadcasters, and subscription TV systems may provide information about the availability of programs with audio description through their websites and in program guides. Commercial stations usually support themselves through the sale of advertising. The Paperwork Reduction Act lists 19 enumerated "independent regulatory agencies", such as the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Reserve, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Petitions to deny the application must be filed by the first day of the last full calendar month before the expiring license term. Tobacco and Alcohol Advertising These restrictions are discussed below. Violent Programming It was fifth in the Modern Library List of Best 20th-Century Nonfiction and number 78 in the National Review's 100 best non-fiction books of the 20th century. [26], The academic communityincluding prominent defenders such as H. J. Muller, Loren Eiseley, Clarence Cottam and Frank Eglermostly backed the book's scientific claims and public opinion backed Carson's text. Renewal Applications Podcast episodes are widely stored and encoded in the mp3 digital audio format and then hosted on dedicated or shared webserver space. A music group controls and consists of music-publishing companies, record (sound recording) manufacturers, record distributors, and record labels. [37] On November 16, 2006, the Apple Trademark Department stated that "Apple does not object to third-party usage of the generic term 'podcast' to accurately refer to podcasting services" and that "Apple does not license the term". If you have any concerns about a local station including its general operation, programming or other matters make your opinion known to the licensee and, if necessary, advise us of your concerns so we can look into the matter. Although not officially part of the executive branch, these agencies are required by federal statute to release certain information about their programs and activities into the Federal Register, the daily journal of government activities: Agencies that exist outside of the federal executive departments, Independent agencies of the United States government. [35] This brought the book to the attention of the chemical industry and its lobbyists, as well as the American public. The Communications Act. [3], The degree to which the President has the power to use executive orders to set policy for independent executive agencies is disputed. Licensees also have broad discretion regarding commercials, with the exception of those for political candidates during an election, and the limitations on advertisements aired during childrens programming. The lists do not show all contributions to every state ballot measure, or each independent expenditure committee formed to support or For many stations, these records are maintained in a public insprction file that must contain documents relevant to the station's operation and dealings with the community and the FCC. Chemical companies and associated organizations produced brochures and articles promoting and defending pesticide use. Donor Lists for Non-Commercial Educational Channels ("NCEs") Lotteries [17] The same year, the 1957, 1958, and 1959 crops of U.S. cranberries were found to contain high levels of the herbicide aminotriazole and the sale of all cranberry products was halted. The First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech similarly protects programming that stereotypes or may otherwise offend people with regard to their religion, race, national background, gender, or other characteristics. A podcast is a program made available in digital format for download over the Internet. Information about how to activate the secondary audio is available from the customer service department of the TV manufacturer or from your subscription TV provider. Trouvez aussi des offres spciales sur votre htel, votre location de voiture et votre assurance voyage. Children's Television Programming Reports More information about this ratings program, including a description of each ratings category, can be found at https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/v-chip-putting-restrictions-what-yo. Station Identification. Also included is a brief description of each item, but the description should not be relied upon in place of the underlying rules description of that item. Except as required by the Communications Act, including the use of stations by candidates for public office, licensees have no obligation to allow any particular person or group to participate in a broadcast or to present that person or groups remarks. Silent Spring became a rallying point for the new social movement in the 1960s. TV stations make these announcements on-screen or by voice only. Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. Before its expiration, each station licensee must broadcast a series of announcements stating when its license expires, the filing date for the renewal application, the date by which formal petitions against the renewal must be filed, and how to obtain a copy of the application. Business is the practice of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (such as goods and services). [15], As her research progressed, Carson found a sizable community of scientists who were documenting the physiological and environmental effects of pesticides. In light of the First Amendment and Section 326 of the Communications Act, we do not substitute our judgment for that of the licensee, nor do we advise stations on artistic standards, format, grammar, or the quality of their programming. All FCC Notices are included in the Commissions Daily Digest and posted on our website at https://www.fcc.gov/proceedings-actions/daily-digest. Ticket sales allow the podcasters an additional way of monetizing. Introduction A label used as a trademark or brand and not a company is called an imprint, a term used for the same concept in publishing. Contracts may extend over short or long durations, and may or may not refer to specific recordings. The Commission applies these limits to all video programming, free or pay, directed to children 12 and under. Noncommercial educational stations may acknowledge contributions over the air, but they may not broadcast commercials or otherwise promote the goods and services of for-profit donors or underwriters. Discussion and content within a podcast can range from carefully scripted to completely improvised. For example, stations should provide the complaining party with diagrams and descriptions that explain how and where to use radio frequency chokes, ferrite cores, filters, and/or shielded cable. The latest Cattle industry information source on the web. The Childrens Television Act of 1990 (CTA) imposes two requirements on television broadcasters relating to children's video programming: Commercial Limits. How to File an Obscenity, Indecency, or Profanity Complaint In addition, station identifications and emergency announcements are also exempt. Educational and Informational Programming They also must broadcast these announcements every hour, as close to the start of the hour as possible, at a natural programming break. Subliminal ProgrammingBlanketing Interference [90][91][92], Naturalist David Attenborough has stated that Silent Spring was probably the book that had changed the scientific world the most, after the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin. For example, an episodic series of digital audio or video files that a user can download to a personal device to listen to at a time of their choosing. These podcast novelists also claim the exposure that releasing a free podcast gains them makes up for the fact that they are giving away their work for free. An informed and actively engaged public plays a vital role in helping each station to operate appropriately and serve the needs of its local community. How to File a Loud Commercial Complaint. This requirement is grounded in the principle that members of the public should know who is trying to persuade them with the programming being aired. [50][51] The Free Dictionary, YourDictionary, and PC Magazine define an enhanced podcast as "an electronic slide show delivered as a podcast". Although, for the reasons discussed earlier, the Commission is generally prohibited from regulating broadcast content, the courts have held that the FCCs regulation of obscene and indecent programming is constitutional because of societys interest in protecting children from potentially harmful programming and supporting parents ability to determine the programming their children will be exposed to at home. She said in Silent Spring that even if DDT and other insecticides had no environmental side effects, their indiscriminate overuse was counterproductive because it would create insect resistance to pesticides, making them useless in eliminating the target insect populations: No responsible person contends that insect-borne disease should be ignored. Thematically, it centres on the consequences of totalitarianism, mass surveillance and repressive If you believe you are receiving blanketing or any other type of interference to broadcast reception, we encourage you to first communicate directly, in writing, with the licensee of the station that you believe is causing the interference. [33], Between February March 10 and 25, 2005, Shae Spencer Management, LLC of Fairport, New York filed a trademark application to register the term "podcast" for an "online prerecorded radio program over the internet". Separate from the commercial limits, since 1974 the Commission has also required that advertising in childrens programs be clearly separated from program content. [citation needed], As of early 2019, the podcasting industry still generated little overall revenue,[30] although the number of persons who listen to podcasts continues to grow steadily. Engage in general outreach activities every two years, such as job fairs, internships, and other community events. [79], Biographer Hamilton Lytle believes these estimates are unrealistic, even if Carson can be "blamed" for worldwide DDT policies. [36] Such activity was speculated to be part of a bigger campaign for Apple to expand the scope of its existing iPod trademark, which included trademarking "IPOD", "IPODCAST", and "POD". Banks Repeta plays an 11-year-old version of the writer-director James Gray in this stirring semi-autobiographical drama, also featuring Anthony Hopkins, Anne Hathaway and Jeremy Strong. The Communications Act authorizes the Commission to "make such regulations not inconsistent with law as it may deem necessary to prevent interference between stations and to carry out the provisions of the Act." [9] In 1935, the Supreme Court in the case of Humphrey's Executor v. United States decided that although the president had the power to remove officials from agencies that were "an arm or an eye of the executive", it upheld statutory limitations on the president's power to remove officers of administrative bodies that performed quasi-legislative or quasi-judicial functions, such as the Federal Trade Commission. It is helpful to have a sound-proof room and headphones. Joint Sales Agreements As of 2012, there are only three labels that can be referred to as "major labels" (Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment, and Warner Music Group). DuPont compiled an extensive report on the book's press coverage and estimated impact on public opinion. Closed captioning is also required for video programming delivered via Internet Protocol (IP) that is published or exhibited on television with captions. The United States Department of Agriculture's 1957 fire ant eradication program, which involved aerial spraying of DDT and other pesticides mixed with fuel oil and included the spraying of private land, prompted Carson to devote her research, and her next book, to pesticides and environmental poisons. On September 9, 2005, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) rejected the application, citing Wikipedia's podcast entry as describing the history of the term. Licensees are responsible for selecting their entertainment programming, as well as programs concerning local issues, news, public affairs, religion, sports events, and other subjects. There are three applications of this separation principle: 1) bumpers between program and advertising content (e.g., and now for a commercial break); 2) the host selling policy, which prohibits the use of program talent to deliver commercials; and 3) program-length commercials (PLC), which the Commission defines as a program associated with a product in which commercials for that product are aired (when a PLC occurs, then the entire program is considered a commercial). Since 2000, all sets manufactured with screens 13 inches or larger must contain the V-Chip technology. [93], 1962 book by Rachel Carson on the environment, Debate over environmentalism and DDT restrictions, Josie Glausiusz. Specifically, acknowledgements may not contain comparative or qualitative descriptions, price information, calls to action, or inducements to buy, sell, rent, or lease. Renewal applications are due on a staggered basis depending upon the state in which the station is licensed. [10], While most executive agencies have a single director, administrator, or secretary appointed by the president of the United States, independent agencies (in the narrower sense of being outside presidential control) almost always have a commission, board, or similar collegial body consisting of five to seven members who share power over the agency. In the early days of the recording industry, recording labels were absolutely necessary for the success of any artist. Criticism, Ridicule, and Humor Concerning Individuals, Groups, and Institutions. Indecent material is protected by the First Amendment, so its broadcast cannot constitutionally be prohibited at all times. Silent Spring is an environmental science book by Rachel Carson. 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