The Hamidiye Cavalry is described as a military disappointment and a failure because of its contribution to tribal feuds. The Armenian subjects of the Empire influenced by the Armenian Diaspora, the network of congregations and schools of the Protestant missionaries throughout the Ottoman Empire begin to rethink their position in the world. Their artillery comprised some 40 field guns. [45], In 1885, the "Armenian Democratic Liberal Party" was established in Van by Mkrtich Portukalian, who later went into exile in Marseilles but kept in touch with local leaders, and published a journal of political and social enlightenment titled L'Armenie. Chronologically, the Hnchakian party was the first truly revolutionary organization of the Armenian liberation movement. Major Armenian writers of the era, Mikael Nalbandian and Raphael Patkanian can be counted among the influential. Account & Lists Returns & Orders. Their known evolution in political matters (Issue of Civilizations), (2). On the other side, the Tsar visited the Caucasus front on December 30, 1914, telling the head of the Armenian Church that "a most brilliant future awaits the Armenians".[99][100]. There is a Fedayees museum in Yerevan named after General Andranik Ozanian. Scrutinising often neglected primary sources, Aivazian argues that in the 18th century national movement a faction of the Armenian Church in Etchmiadzin, its historic centre, played an active, energetic and at certain points leading role that was however always consciously and extremely secretive. "[3] ASALA itself[4] and other sources[5][6][7][8] described it as a guerilla and armed[9] organization. The Patriarch of Constantinople Mkrtich Khrimian was an important figure. [30] The constitution of the Armenian National Assembly was seen as a milestone by progressive Armenians. WikiMatrix He was a member of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) and head of the organization's French branch. The 1896 Ottoman Bank Takeover was the seizing of the Ottoman Bank in Constantinople, on 26 August 1896. "[68], ASALA's last attack, on 19 December 1991, targeted the bullet-proof limousine carrying the Turkish Ambassador to Budapest. "[55] France was free of ASALA attacks after this concession until the government arrested suspected bomber Vicken Tcharkutian. Their view on how to liberate Armenia from the Ottoman Empire was that it should be through the press, national awakening and unarmed resistance. Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia ( ASALA) was a militant organization active between 1975 and the 1990s whose stated goal was "to compel the Turkish Government to acknowledge publicly its responsibility for the Armenian genocide in 1915, pay reparations, and cede territory for an Armenian homeland ." [3] 3-29, Richard G. (EDT) Hovannisian "The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times", page 198, Edmund Herzig "Armenians Past And Present In The Making Of National Identity A Handbook" page.76. its initial aim was to guarantee reforms in the Armenian provinces and to gain eventual autonomy. Armenia decided to join the Soviet sphere. When the Tsar refused to back down the Armenians turned to the ARF. On June 15, 1915, The Twenty Martyrs from Hunchakian leaders, after spending two years in terrible conditions in Ottoman prisons, and undergoing lengthy mock trials, twenty prominent figures - Paramaz, Dr. Benne, Aram Ach'ekbashian, Vanig and others were sentenced to death by hanging. 2005 - 2022 Panorama.am : : : : , ` , Ctrl-Enter: Breaking bad star Aaron Paul has filed a petition to change his name along with his wife and child,The Mirror reports. As of early 1918 only few thousand Armenian volunteers under the command of two hundred officers opposed the Turkish offenses. Andranik Ozanyan was honored with the Order of Bravery. [42] Union of Salvation served a major step toward the formation of the first Armenian political party, the Armenakan. Like a hunting dog that smells big game, the archangel approached with leisurely steps and, grabbing me by the neck with his huge paw, raised me up. Denise Natali. [citation needed], The Armenians settled between the 6th and the 11th century in the Rhodopes, Thrace and Macedonia were several thousand in number and were mostly Paulicians and Tondrakians. Negotiations were then carried out between Karabekir and a peace delegation led by Alexander Khatisian in Alexandropol; although Karabekirs terms were extremely harsh the Armenian delegation had little recourse but to agree to them. It also concluded the Caucasus Campaign for the Ottoman Empire. "[57] The Hunchaks had come to a conclusion that the demonstrations at Kum Kapu were unsuccessful. He was told that he had to choose between confessing and being executed. The leaders of the government came from mainly the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and also other Armenian political parties who helped create the new republic. [74], In 1908, after the overthrow of Sultan, the Hamidiye Cavalry was disbanded as an organized force, but as they were tribal forces before official recognition, they stayed as tribal forces after dismemberment. In Fresno he directed a campaign in which he raised $500,000 for the relief of Armenian war refugees. The aim of creating the Legion was to allow Armenians' contribution to the liberation of Cilicia region and help them to realize their national aspirations by creating a state in that region. [citation needed], The new parliament comprised 142 Turks, 60 Arabs, 25 Albanians, 23 Greeks, 12 Armenians (including four from ARF and two from Hunchaks), 5 Jews, 4 Bulgarians, 3 Serbs and 1 Vlach in the elections of 1908. The first station was Baku, from where they were distributed in various directions, ending up in Vaspurakan, Taron, or Mountainous Armenia. Two militants opened fire in a crowded passenger waiting room. In 1880 Armenians especially encouraged by the prime minister Gladstone touched the Armenian issue with the words To serve Armenia is to serve the Civilization. [citation needed], The Yldz assassination attempt was a failed assassination attempted on Sultan Abdul Hamid II by the ARF at Yldz Mosque on July 21, 1905. [54] In Bulgarian historiography, Liberation of Bulgaria means the events of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 that led to the re-establishment of Bulgarian Sovereign state with the Treaty of San Stefano. The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA) was the first modern establishment of an Armenian state. [90] The Tsar promised autonomy to six Turkish Armenian vilayets as well as the two Russian-Armenian provinces. [112] Andranik's military leadership was instrumental in allowing the Armenian population of Van to escape the Ottoman Army and flee to Eastern Armenia. Shaykh Ubayd Allah of Nihri captured by the Ottoman forces in 1882 and this movement ended. "The Liberation Movement calls on parties, organizations and individuals to join these demands, Zohrabyan said. [81] During his four years as a deputy, he worked for the railroad bill. On August 10, 1982, Artin Penik a Turk of Armenian descent, set himself on fire in protest of this attack.[45][46][47][48]. [79], At the 1907 Battle of Sulukh, Kevork Chavush was critically wounded on May 25, 1907, during a large firefight with the Ottoman army in Sulukh, Mush. ), he said in a mellow voice, staring at me with derision. The force named as French Armenian Legion and planned under the command of General Edmund Allenby. [34] From the first day when Rev. [34], 1860 and onward, the number of Armenian schools, philanthropic and patriotic organizations multiplied in the Ottoman Empire. The Armenian national liberation movement was the Armenian socio-political and militant movement to re-establish an Armenian state in the Armenian Highland, controlled at the time by the Ottoman Empire and You need a TRAC license to view the rest of this content. By 1920, the Bolshevik Government in Russia and Ankara Government had successfully come to power in their respective countries. The Armenian leadership approved an ultimatum, presented to it by the Soviet plenipotentiary Boris Legran. In 1904, the Dashnak congress specifically extended their programme to support the rights of Armenians in the Russian Empire as well as Ottoman Turkey. The Social Democrat Hunchakian Party and the ARF were active in the region. On December 16, 1914, the Ottoman Empire dismantled the Armenian reform package, just after the first engagement of the Caucasus Campaign the Bergmann Offensive. It then began the daunting process of establishing a national administrative machinery in an isolated and landlocked misery. This offer was one step forward from Armenian reform package, which was already established in February 1914. Treaty established contemporary borders between Turkey and the South Caucasus states on the count of Armenian lands. [129] There were 1,650,000 Armenians (both Russian, and Ottoman origin) of the 2,000,000 people within the borders of the new Republic which made clearly, uncontested, an Armenian state.[129]. In spring 1902, a representative of the ARF, Vahan Manvelyan, was sent to in Sason with the purpose of stopping the insignificant skirmishes, but only irritating the Muslims. There were still weapons caches left in Nalband. In some Armenian circles, this event was considered as a martyrdom and brought other armed conflicts. The entire Armenian intelligentsia, including writers, physicians, lawyers, bankers, and even merchants" on trial. In the summer of 1862 the Ottomans sent a military contingent of 12,000 men to Zeitun to reassert government control. You will see tomorrow on the Eastern horizon a Socialist Armenia. Hoff was in Van when the war broke out, just as Westenenk was preparing to depart for his post in Erzerum.[84][85][86]. Siranoush rushed in and came out in a few minutes with a Russian womanfour leather bags in four hands. 13. Two days later the Supreme Council of Armenian SSR "consented to the entry of Nagorno Karabakh to Armenian SSR". A second development was the introduction of elementary education, colleges and other institutions of learning by Protestant missionaries. Afterwards, French forces promptly arrested those involved. However, two prominent Kurdish families (tribes) mounted opposition to the empire . Armenian nationalism and Armenian religion (the Armenian Apostolic Church, a non-Chalcedonian church, which is also the world's oldest national church) is intertwined.[28]. [27] Russia curtailed the Church's advances in the society. Not quite aware of what I was doing, I leaned over and started to retrieve the cartridges. The city was almost wholly composed of Azeris and Armenians, but the Armenian middle-class tended to have a greater share in the ownership of the oil companies and Armenian workers generally had better salaries and working conditions than the Azeris. On October 22, 1975, Turkish Ambassador in Austria, Danis Tunaligil was assassinated by three members of ASALA. [56], Continuous attacks by ASALA prompted Turkey to accuse Cyprus, Greece, Syria, Lebanon, and the Soviet Union of provoking or possibly funding ASALA. When the Tsar refused to back down the Armenians turned to the ARF. In this area, something resembling a civil war between Armenians and Muslims (involving Hamidiye (cavalry)) raged for months before being brought to an end through mediation by the Great Powers. [34] ASALA was critical of its political predecessors and Diasporan parties, accusing them of failing to deal with the problems of the Armenian people. The Armenian Church at the Crossroads of the Armenian Liberation Movement in the XVIII Century (2003, in Armenian). The Kurds and the State. [37] From the first day when Rev. At times, they openly flirted with young men passing by. The choice of this policy should also be considered as external forces (imperialists) were Christians. [77] Abdul Hamid II perceived the Ottoman Armenians to be an extension of foreign hostility, a means by which Europe could "get at our most vital places and tear out our very guts. The two girls had to change trains, while Siranoush and I stayed on course. The organizations were fully functional under Ankara, Amasya, orum, Diyarbakr, Yozgat, and Tokat. [99], Hampartsoum Boyadjian, a Hunchakian, was among the first to be arrested in April 1915 at Red Sunday. The Liberation Movement initiative group demands the resignation of the Armenian prime minister and president, Ara Zohrabyan, a member of the movement and leader of the opposition Zartonk (Awakening) party, announced at a rally at the Republic Square in Yerevan on Saturday. At the entrance of the station, under the bell, stood the gigantic station guard following our every move. Years later, the mystery was partly resolved for me; during my graduate student days, when I met Haik Torosian, a student who had been in the ranks of the Baku fighting units. It is impossible here to present all the activities of the Hnchak party, which was founded in the 27 autumn of 1887 by a group of idealistic students in Geneva (Avedis Nazarbegian, Maro Markarian, Kapriel Gafian, Roupen . At the time of the Balkan Wars (19121913) the Armenians in Bulgaria were about 35,000. With respect, Arthur Asatryan Founding leader of "The Armenian Crusaders Liberation Movement" Join the movement +1 Choose your preferred language to receive our content During World War I, the Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated by the government in the Armenian genocide. [38], The development of ideas of nationalism, salvation and independence, established during the late 19th century, along with the other national movements, as a nascent Armenian intelligentsia promoted the use of these new concepts in society with a particularly an Armenian import. Bank takeover was planned by members of the ARF. Armenian Diaspora played a significant role in every stage such as Armenian Revolutionary Federation in diaspora did not forgive what they saw as betrayal of the 'Free, Independent Armenia' (the motto of the party) and campaigned against the Soviet state in a variety of ways. [61], The Defense of Van was the Armenian population in Van defense against the Ottoman Empire in June, 1896. He was in Paris and Holland, as the delegate of the ARF, to meet the inspectors general who were invited to carry out the reforms. [77] During the same time the Armenian Revolutionary Federation was moving out of this context and developing, what was just a normal extension of its national freedom concept, the concept of the "Independent Armenian State". [126] Territorial clashes between Armenia and Azerbaijan took place throughout 1919 and 1920, most notably in the regions of Nakhichevan, Karabakh and Syunik (Zangezur). The development of ideas of nationalism, salvation and independence, established during the late 19th century, along with the other national movements, as a nascent Armenian intelligentsia promoted the use of these new concepts in society with a particularly an Armenian import. Certain geographical and ethnic factors favored Van as a center. For this purpose, Islamic law was put aside in favour of secular law. According to tradition, the latter of the two apostles is said Armenian Cathedral of the Forty Martyrs, Aleppo. [60] Bashkale was a town in the Van Province. Stirred largely due to the inaction of the European powers in regards to pogroms and massacres instigated by the Sultan Abdul-Hamid II. The guard looked around quickly. "[29] Hagopian's sympathetic connection with Palestinian liberation/separatist movements bolstered ASALA's goals and helped pave the way for ASALA's eventual training with another Palestinian rebel group, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). In August 1914, following Germany's declaration of war against Russia, Count Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov, the Russian viceroy of the Caucasus, approached Armenian leaders in the Tiflis to broach the idea of a formation of a separate fighting corps. When Italy agreed to ASALA's request, it saw no further attacks from the group. [29], In 1863, Ottoman Armenians were introduced to a set of major reforms as an extension of Tanzimat. In November 1914, Drastamat Kanayan had the second battalion of the Armenian volunteers. [96] The Ottoman army suffered a delay of 24 hours in the Barduz Pass, and 4th battalion of the Armenian volunteers lost 600 troops in a battle there. [44] The constitution and the bylaws were memorized as written documents were dangerous. [58][clarification needed], After the ASALA attack against the Esenboa International Airport in August 1982 the then President of Turkey Kenan Evren issued a decree for the elimination of ASALA. Raffi's work can be credited with initiating what would later come to be known as the Zartonk, or Awakening, during which Armenians, through a vibrant intellectual discourse, reasoned toward . During the 1981 Turkish consulate attack in Paris (Van operation) ASALA militants held 56 hostages for fifteen hours; it became the first operation of its kind. Although there is no certain date that is considered the beginning of the movement, some historians claim the 1862 Zeytun uprising is its beginning. He was shot several times while he was walking with two women at 4:30 in the morning. [citation needed], In 1889 the Young Armenia Society was founded by Kristapor Mikayelian in Tbilisi. Companjen, Franoise; Maracz, Laszlo; Versteegh, Lia (2011). R. G However instead of Armenian autonomy in these regions, Kurds (Kurdish tribal chiefs) retained much of their autonomy and power. 11-13, The Times, 10 January 1883, p. 5; ibid., 8 June 1883, p. 5, Bilal N. Simsir, British Documents On Ottoman Armenians (1856-1880), Vol. Co., Volume.19 page 327, File:The sultan (1973) original mansell collection - San Stefano.png, File:Armenian martyrdom portrayed-1918.png, http://faith-matters.org/images/stories/fm-publications/the-tanzimat-final-web.pdf, "Armenian Revolutionary Federation Founded, Armenian history timeline", http://www.littlearmenia.com/html/history/detail.asp?id=217, http://books.google.com/books?id=3j5WAAAAYAAJ&q, http://www.wzaponline.com/TheInfluenceoftheYoungTurksRevolution.pdf, Straits: The origins of the Dardanelles campaign, http://books.google.com/books?id=gpL9QKCJ2L8C&pg=PR10&dq=Pasdermajian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ul-RT6LuPJL46QG569zEBA&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Pasdermajian&f=false, .. The party's aim soon become to 'win for the Armenians the right to rule themselves, through revolution'. When we say that the peasantry was in slavery to the Kurdish overlords, they think: so what, thats how it should be. [57], In April 2000 the opening ceremony of "In Memory of killed ASALA commandos" monument took place at Armenian military pantheon Yerablur with participation of Greek anti-fascist resistance leader Manolis Glezos and other special guests. Mkrtich Khrimian (Catholicos of Armenia) revolted against the tsar. She was an attractive girl, with abundant hair, pleasant features, well-developed chest, expressive eyes, but a closed mouth. Besides, an Armenian terrorist organization the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA), which has close ties with the Government of Armenia and which has perpetrated dozens of terrorist attacks against civilians and foreign diplomats in various countries has recently announced that Azerbaijani diplomats are its next target. Float reads "Martered Armenia Strugling for Liberty AMERICA is her inspiration and hope. [54] Mkrtich Khrimian transferred to Jerusalem in his later years, in fact, this was an exile.. Beginning in the mid-19th century, the Great Powers took issue with the Empire's treatment of its Christian minorities and increasingly pressured extend equal rights to all its citizens. [42] These Russian organizations had goals to liberate the Ottoman Armenians from Ottoman Empire. [102] Theodore G. Chernozubov for the successes of Andranik in Ashnaka, Vrush-Khoran, Khanika, Kotur, Saray, Molla-Hasan, Belenjik and Garateli stated significantly associated with the fighting of the 1st Armenian volunteers, headed by Andranik. [64], The Kurdish (force, rebels, bandits) sacked neighboring towns and villages with impunity. At the critical moment General Andranik arrived in Zangezur with an irregular division estimated with about 3 to 5 thousand men and 40,000 refugees and the occupied provinces of Russian Armenia. Armenian Minister of Foreign Affairs Askanaz Mravian and Minister of Interior Poghos Makintsian signed the Treaty of Kars which helped to conclude (for the moment) the territorial disputes originate after the Caucasus Campaign as a whole. The events convinced Tsar Nicholas that he must reverse his policies. At Battle of Sulukh (1907), Kevork Chavush was critically wounded on May 25, 1907 during a large firefight with the Ottoman army in Sulukh, Mush. [citation needed], Drastamat Kanayan though remained in critical condition, his battalion led into eleven battles in the neighborhood of Alashkert, Toutakh, and Malashkert, until Drastamat Kanayan recovered and returned to resume the command. [83], Although ASALA attacks all but stopped in the late 1980s as a result of the group's fragmentation and lack of support after the 1983 Orly attack, ASALA is said to have continued in a lesser capacity into the 1990s, even after the group suffered further disorganization after Hagopian's assassination in 1988. The Code of Honor of the Armenian Military, 4-5th centuries (2000, in Armenian). barracks were acquired and cached at certain locations. Hrayr Dzhoghk was killed on April 13 in village Gelieguzan. After the Bolshevik seizure of power, a multinational congress of Transcaucasian representatives met to create a provisional regional executive body known as Transcaucasian Seim. Jrgen Gottschlich: Beihilfe zum Vlkermord: Deutschlands Rolle bei der Vernichtung der Armenier. On 26 April 1921, the 2nd Pan-Zangezurian congress, held in Tatev, announced the independence of the self-governing regions of Daralakyaz (Vayots Dzor), Zangezur, and Mountainous Artsakh, under the name of the Republic of Mountainous Armenia and later on 1 June 1921, it was renamed the Republic of Armenia. Richard G. Hovannisian explains the conditions of the resistance: "In the summer of 1918, the Armenian national councils reluctantly transferred from Tiflis to Yerevan to take over the leadership of the republic from the popular dictator Aram Manukian and the renowned military commander Drastamat Kanayan. From March 14 to April 1918, when a conference was held between the Ottoman Empire and the delegation of the Seim. There were many notables besides the "founding leaders" listed. [29] At the beginning, ASALA bore the name of "The Prisoner Kurken Yanikian Group". The second wave come with the emergence of Russian revolutionary thought. The Young Armenia Society an armed expedition to Ottoman Armenia with the Gugunian Expedition. The Armenians, on the other hand, received less interest and no support that wasn't later withdrawn from the Great Powers and remained, by and large, stagnant during these years, earning them the title of 'millet-i sadika' or the "loyal millet". We will never achieve equality viv a vis the Muslim. The Sassoun Uprising was the resistance of the Armenian militia in the Sassoun region. Who was the woman at that modest shack? The factors contributing to its emergence made the movement similar to that of the Balkan nations, especially the Greeks. Hunchak means "Bell" in English, and was taken by party members to represent "awakening, enlightenment, and freedom.". Others, such as Romania, Greece, Poland and Bulgaria, were formed by winning their independence. Gradually order was restored and the Armenian bourgeoisie once more began to distance itself from the revolutionary nationalists.[88]. Following the violent suppression of Christians in the uprisings in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria and Serbia in 1875, the Great Powers invoked the 1856 Treaty of Paris by claiming that it gave them the right to intervene and protect the Ottoman Empire's Christian minorities. The Armenian clergy had previously been very wary of the ARF, condemning their socialism as anti-clerical. [36], Kagik Ozanyan claims that Tanzimat regulations, helped the formation of an Armenian political strata and incited the Armenian national spirit, which was aligned with the nation building through revolution aligned with the French Revolution perspective. The comrades Karapet Koulaksizian, Hovhannes Agripasian, and Vardan Goloshian were stopped and demanded that they disarm. The drawing of definite borders was, however, left to President Woodrow Wilson and the United States State Department, and was only presented to Armenia on November 22. CUP advocated a program of orderly reform under a strong central government, as well as the exclusion of all foreign influence. Evren's own daughter, a member of the MT, ran the operation together with Foreign Intelligence Department chief Metin (Mete) Gnyol, and Istanbul region director Nuri Gnde. Difficulty: Easy. The 11th Red Army began its virtually unopposed advance into Armenia on November 29, 1920. [101], Hampartsoum Boyadjian, a Hunchakian, was among the first to be arrested in April 1915 at Red Sunday. Generally resulted with the jail time. March 1878, after the conclusion of the 187778 Russo-Turkish War, the Armenians began to look more toward the Russian Empire as the ultimate guarantors of their security. The Hamidiye corps or Hamidiye Light Cavalry Regiments were well-armed, irregular, majority Kurdish cavalry (minor amounts of other nationalities, such as Turcoman) formations that operated in the eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire. After the formation of the Democratic Republic of Armenia in May 1918 Andranik fought alongside volunteer units to combat the Ottoman army. In 1889 the Young Armenia Society was founded by Kristapor Mikayelian in Tbilisi. Operation Nemesis was the ARF's code-name for a covert operation in early 1920s to assassinate the Turkish planners of the Armenian Genocide. To determine the position of Armenians all forms of Armenian national movement put into trial. [62], Sason was formerly part of the sanjak of Siirt which was in Diyarbakr vilayet of the Ottoman Empire, later part of Batman Province of Turkey. DIANE Publishing, 1989. p. 32. ASALA used explosives in 146 of 186 incidents/attacks compared to using firearms in only 33 attacks. The Republic of Van was a temporary Armenian provisional government between 1915 and 1918. by kawasaki hayabusa motorcycle at the approximate time of crossword clue During the revolution Armenian revolutionaries were split into "Old Dashnaks", allied with the Kadets and "Young Dashnaks" aligned with the SRs. The events convinced Tsar Nicholas that he must reverse his policies. [35] The apex of the group's structure was the General Command of the People of Armenia (VAN). Alexander Kerensky: The First Love of the Revolution. Andranik Ozanian participated in the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, within the Bulgarian army, alongside general Garegin Nzhdeh as a commander of Armenian auxiliary troops. A follow-up attempt also failed. [citation needed], Significant European and American movements began with the Armenian diaspora in France and in the U.S. as early as in the 1890s. [citation needed], On 18 February 1921, the ARF led an anti-Soviet rebellion in Yerevan and seized power. Siranoush started telling an amusing story punctuated with loud giggles, to which I answered with my own animated chuckleswe were a young, carefree couple waiting for the train to arrive. its initial aim was to guarantee reforms in the Armenian provinces and to gain eventual autonomy. It was intended to end the Franco-Turkish war, but failed to do so and was replaced in October 1921 with the Treaty of Ankara. There are advantages to look events using the regions as the groups were organized regional bases. [90] If this agreement went forward and the Ottoman Armenians did not support the Russians, they would be offered autonomy. His offer was received warmly and within a few weeks Armenian volunteers began to enlist. [36] Before 1840, Armenian journals was mainly in the hands of the clergy. #Armenian National Liberation Movement # National Scout Movement Armenian # Be the national liberation movement # National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad # Jordanian National Liberation Movement # National Liberation Movement of Ahwaz # Joining the National Movement and the National Liberation Army # Active in the national movement and liberation . He shoved the bag against the wall with his foot, and said in a carefree tone: Now, go have a good time, until the train arrives.. Composed of several groups at battalion strength, its ranks were exclusively made up of Armenians from the Russian Empire, though there were also a number of Armenian from the Ottoman Empire. 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