This Friday, were taking a look at Microsoft and Sonys increasingly bitter feud over Call of Duty and whether U.K. regulators are leaning toward torpedoing the Activision Blizzard deal. minjeong choi Short Track Speed Skating. In Men's Overall World Cup 1986/87 the best four downhills, the best four Super Gs, best four giant slaloms, best four slaloms and both combined count. The inaugural world championships in alpine skiing were held in 1931. Warm weather and rain followed by wet snow combined to present unsafe conditions for the giant slalom and the organizers called the race early in the morning on Saturday. During the 1930s, the event was held annually in Europe, until interrupted by the outbreak of World War II, preventing a 1940 event.An event was held in 1941, but included competitors only from nations from the Axis powers or nations not at war with them. There are three primary groups of binding systems used in cross-country skiing (in descending order of importance):[63], Ski poles are used for balance and propulsion. Hello, and welcome to Protocol Entertainment, your guide to the business of the gaming and media industries. U.S. Also called "downhill skiing", Alpine skiing typically takes place on a piste at a ski resort. Early skiers used one long pole or spear. [45], Ski boots are attached to the ski only at the toe, leaving the heel free. Variants of cross-country skiing are adapted to a range of terrain which spans unimproved, sometimes mountainous terrain to groomed courses that are specifically designed for the sport. In Women's Downhill World Cup 1986/87 the best five results count. Points were only awarded to athletes, who were able to finish in both events (downhill and slalom) in top thirty. [54] Each of the following ski types has a different combination of these attributes: Glide waxes enhance the speed of the gliding surface, and are applied by ironing them onto the ski and then polishing the ski bottom. Ryan Cochran-Siegle was 31st in his first run and just missed the flip for run two. [9] The Gulating law (1274) stated that "No moose shall be disturbed by skiers on private land. Modern cross-country skiing is similar to the original form of skiing, from which all skiing disciplines evolved, including alpine skiing, ski jumping and Telemark skiing. Warm weather and rain followed by wet snow combined to present unsafe conditions for the giant slalom and the organizers called the race early in the morning on Saturday. Extreme locations of outdoor ski lifts: The northernmost is near Troms, Norway; The southernmost is near Ushuaia, Argentina; The closest to the equator in the northern hemisphere is near Liang, China The closest to the equator in the southern hemisphere is near Mahlasela, Lesotho I knew that wasnt the ending, Jones said Thursday. The U.S. men compete in a global championships team event without Sam Mikulak for the first time since 2015. U.S. 2 G--Republic of Korea. Chloe is the youngest woman to win an Olympic snowboarding gold medal at just 17 years old. Johan Grttumsbrten used the skating technique at the 1931 World Championship in Oberhof, one of the earliest recorded use of skating in competitive cross-country skiing. Below is a list of the competing nations; in parentheses are the number of national competitors.[1]. [21], The word ski comes from the Old Norse word sk which means "cleft wood", "stick of wood" or "ski". The defending overall champions from the 2014 season - Marcel Hirscher and Anna Fenninger, both of Austria, defended their titles successfully.The season was interrupted by the World Championships in February, in the United Copper Mountain, Colorado, Toyota U.S. Grand Prix, Feb. 2-4, 2023 The 49th World Cup season began on 25 October 2014, in Slden, Austria, and concluded on 22 March 2015 at the World Cup finals in Meribel, France. FIS Men's World Cup // Giant Slalom, Slalom A combined event was held for both men and women in 1936. Andrade won Brazils second Olympic title in Tokyo, doing so on vault three days after taking silver in the all-around behind AmericanSuni Lee. However, under new rules, points were only awarded to skiers who finished in the top 30 in each of the downhill and slalom; as a result, only two men earned points. [13] The garrison in Trondheim used skis at least from 1675, and the Danish-Norwegian army included specialized skiing battalions from 1747details of military ski exercises from 1767 are on record. You will also find accessories to complete your ski set like ski helmets, ski goggles, ski gloves and a ton of accessories related to wintersports. Wenzel's older sister, Hanni Wenzel, won the women's overall title for the second time, making them the first sibling combination to both win the overall World Cup title (as of 2017, Dog skijoringdogs provide added propulsion to the cross-country skier. Skiers climb hills with these techniques by widening the angle of the "V" and by making more frequent, shorter strides and more forceful use of poles. In Men's Downhill World Cup 1986/87 the best five results count. Cross-country ski facilities may incorporate a course design that meets homologation standards for such organizations as the International Olympic Committee, the International Ski Federation, or national standards. I dont feel pressure doing gymnastics, because thats my job.. Alpine Skiing at the 1980 Winter Olympics consisted of six alpine skiing events. Many types of competitive skiing events are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and the International Ski Federation (FIS). Vreni Schneider and Maria Walliser tied in the last race at Sarajevo and each finished with 120 points and identical tiebreakers (each had four victories (first tiebreaker) and 15 points as the sixth result (second tiebreaker)). Only two racers scored points (Wengen and Kitzbuhel). 30 racers had a point deduction. Jones was 10th at last years Olympic Trials and was ready to quit elite gymnastics. [2] U.S. Freeski & Snowboard Team // Halfpipe & Slopestyle Ski lifts are built in both the northern and southern hemispheres. On the snowboardcross side, Olympic gold medalists in mixed-team, U.S. Ski & Snowboard and Outside Interactive, Inc., today announced a longterm strategic partnership to create and broadcast snowsports content. This was the last Olympics which also Jones, 20, was second at the U.S. Championships in August and won a selection camp competition last month. Zurbriggen and Gaspoz finished with the same number of points, but Zurbriggen was awarded the championship based on the victories tiebreaker (three wins to two). The inaugural world championships in alpine skiing were held in 1931. Trail preparation employs snow machines which tow snow-compaction, texturing and track-setting devices. 2022-23 U.S. Freeski Team Announced. Let the Games begin: Yuna Kim lights PyeongChang 2018 cauldron. Official Alpine Skiing results from the Beijing 2022 Olympics. marcel hirscher Alpine Skiing. Ski & Snowboard announced today a 26-athlete roster making up the 2022-23 U.S. Freestyle Ski Team. johannes strolz. Two-time Olympic champion and six-time world champion Mikaela Shiffrin, 2022 Olympic silver medalist Ryan Cochran-Siegle and seven-time World Cup downhill podium finisher Breezy Johnson highlight the deep list of talented alpine athletes representing the Stifel U.S. Alpine Team this season. From 1924 to 1939, the World Championships were held every year, including the Winter Olympic Games. Lindsey Caroline Vonn (ne Kildow / k l d a /; born October 18, 1984) is an American former World Cup alpine ski racer on the US Ski Team.She won four World Cup overall championships second only amongst female skiers to Annemarie Moser-Prll with three consecutive titles in 2008, 2009, and 2010, plus another in 2012. Brazils emergence began withDaniele Hypolito, who won the nations first world championships medal in 2001 (floor silver). The 9th World Cup season began in December 1974 in France and concluded in March 1975 in Italy. [8] Egil Skallagrimsson's 950 CE saga describes King Haakon the Good's practice of sending his tax collectors out on skis. He retired after his third Olympics in Tokyo. Eight nations won medals in Alpine skiing, with Liechtenstein leading the medal table, winning two gold, and two silver. In Men's Super G World Cup 1986/87 all five results count, but no athlete was able to collect points in all five races. In contrast, alpine skiing is referred to as st p ski (literally "stand on skis"). 1 G--Replays from PyeongChang 2018 All Replays. 2022-23 U.S. Freeski Team Announced. Thus, they also shared the Giant Slalom discipline trophy. The inaugural season launched in January 1967, and the 202223 season marks the 57th consecutive year for the FIS World Cup.. The Matterhorn Cervino downhill was to be the first cross-boarder downhill race in FIS history. In some countries, organizations maintain a network of huts for use by cross-country skiers in wintertime. [23][24] In modern Norwegian, a variety of terms refer to cross-country skiing, including:[25][26][27]. Andrade would have been Olympic all-around champion if not for landing out of bounds twice on her closing floor routine. In a GoFundMeto help with funeral and travel expenses, Jones wrote that it was her dads dream to see me on the Olympic stage one day and he devoted anything and everything to my gymnastics. Brody Malone took over as the top U.S. male gymnast last year and will lead a quintet looking to win the nations first mens team medal since 2014. For the first time, FIS World Cup alpine, cross country, freestyle, snowboard, and freeski. [22] Norwegian language does not use a verb-form equivalent in idiomatic speech, unlike English "to ski". Jessica Gadirovaearned bronze for Great Britains first world womens all-around medal. The format will be tested at the world junior championships in January in St. Anton, Austria, according to the report. Stifel U.S. Alpine Team athlete Tommy Ford had an incredible first race of the season in Soelden, Austria with a sixth-place finish in the stacked men's alpine field. Gustav Thni of Italy would regain the overall title, his fourth overall title in five seasons. Men's Alpine Combined. Sprang and Bower have been with U.S. Whether youre an athlete who wants to compete, a fan who wants to follow the action, a parent, coach, or you just want to support the team,U.S. Freeriding skiing This category of skiing includes any practice of the sport on non-groomed terrain. [47] A variant of the technique is the "marathon skate" or "Siitonen step", where the skier leaves one ski in the track while skating outwards to the side with the other ski. Qualifying results from the 2022 World Gymnastics Championships in Liverpool, England (full results are here) Womens Team (top eight make Tuesdays team final) 1. Now shes the worlds second-best gymnast. Mogul skiing is a freestyle skiing competition consisting of one timed run of free skiing on a steep, heavily moguled course, stressing technical turns, aerial maneuvers and speed. [59] Fluorocarbons decrease surface tension and surface area of the water between the ski and the snow, increasing speed and glide of the ski under specific conditions. Norwegian workers on the Buenos Aires - Valparaiso railway line introduced skiing in South America around 1890. Nansen referred to the activity of traversing snow on skis as Norwegian: skilbning (he used the term also in the English translation), which may be translated as ski running. 2 G--Republic of Korea. Some version of the combined event has been provisionally included on the 2026 Olympic program, with a final IOC decision on its place coming by April. Ski & Snowboard announced today an official partnership with Stifel Financial (NYSE:SF), a leading wealth management and investment banking company. minjeong choi Short Track Speed Skating. A combined event was held for both men and women in 1936. This season will see freestyle compete in 37 World Cup events across eight countries, including the 2023 FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboard World Championships in Bakuriani, Georgia in February. Khorkinas back-to-back titles in 2001 and 2003 marked the last time the U.S. went consecutive worlds without winning the womens all-around until now. This page was last edited on 27 August 2022, at 15:56. As usual, to conclude the intense week of meetings with key stakeholders, Friday is dedicated to the members of the sub-committee for the Alpine World Cup, which gather to discuss specific points and proposals for the upcoming and future seasons of alpine events. The inaugural season launched in January 1967, and the 202223 season marks the 57th consecutive year for the FIS World Cup.. Six racers had a point deduction, which are given in (). In competitive cross-country poles in pairs were introduced around 1900.[64]. SLDEN, Austria After dominating the season-opening mens World Cup race Sunday, Marco Odermatt took off his race helmet and pointed at the Red Bull logo. On one foot, the skier wore a long straight non-arching ski for sliding, and a shorter ski was worn on the other foot for kicking. Equipment comprises skis, poles, boots and bindings; these vary according to: Skis used in cross-country are lighter and narrower than those used in alpine skiing. 2 G--Japan. It uses equipment similar to Nordic skiing, where the ski bindings are attached only at the toes of the ski boots, allowing the skier's heel to be raised throughout the turn. The individual combined remains on the biennial world championships program. In Women's Giant Slalom World Cup 1986/87 the best five results count. This comes either from a) texture, such as "fish scales" or mohair skins,[62] designed to slide forward but not backwards, that is built into the grip zone of waxless skis, or from applied devices, e.g. Three-time Olympic medalist Jessie Diggins, and two-time, Innovative, multi-revenue-stream partnership will bring Olympic athletes, domestic World Cup events, and instructional content streaming to 250 million active users. Such grooming and track setting (for classic technique) requires specialized equipment and techniques that adapt to the condition of the snow. Ski lifts are built in both the northern and southern hemispheres. Angelina Melnikova, who won last Octobers world title with Biles, Lee and Andrade not in the field, missed these worlds due to the ban on Russian gymnasts for the war in Ukraine. New parabolic designs like the Elan SCX have enabled the more modern carve turn. Alpine Skiing Freestyle Freeski Snowboard Speed Skiing Alpine Combined 16.10.2019 Download. Beaver Creek, Colorado, Palisades Tahoe, Feb. 25-26, 2023 Bronze. [38] It also encompasses cross-country ski marathon events, sanctioned by the Worldloppet Ski Federation, cross-country ski orienteering events, sanctioned by the International Orienteering Federation, and Paralympic cross-country skiing, sanctioned by the International Paralympic Committee. Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping.The Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics has been held since the first ever Winter Olympics in 1924, while the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup has been held since 1983. ET. A break in the schedule was for the 1987 World Championships, held in Crans-Montana, Switzerland, between January 27 and February 8, 1987. SLDEN, Austria After dominating the season-opening mens World Cup race Sunday, Marco Odermatt took off his race helmet and pointed at the Red Bull logo. A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports.In Europe, most ski resorts are towns or villages in or adjacent to a ski area a mountainous area with pistes (ski trails) and a ski lift system. Bower is a five-time International, U.S. Its modern cut combined with the perfectly fitting sleeves, pockets, and zippers attracts a wide audience of ski lovers. [14] Skis were used in military exercises in 1747. The 14th World Cup season began in December 1979 in France and concluded in March 1980 in Austria.. Andreas Wenzel of Liechtenstein edged out Ingemar Stenmark of Sweden for the men's overall title. Official Alpine Skiing results from the Beijing 2022 Olympics. Ski lifts are built in both the northern and southern hemispheres. yuzuru hanyu Figure Skating. The only event that year was a combined competition of both downhill and slalom. 2 G. 1 S. 2 B. Austria. [3] Around 1900 the word Skilaufen was used in German in the same sense as Norwegian: skilping.[31]. Men's and Women's Aerials, Moguls, Dual Moguls 2 G--Republic of Korea. Wenzel's older sister, Hanni Wenzel, won the women's overall title for the second time, making them the first sibling combination to both win the overall World Cup title (as of 2017, Deer Valley, Utah. Racing poles feature smaller, lighter baskets than recreational poles. Variations of purpose include basic transport, a recreational activity, or a competitive winter sport. 15 racers had a point deduction, which are given in (). 2022/2023 Calendar Most of the 2022/2023 calendar events have remained the same. Racing, comprising slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, combined, and downhill, parallel slalom and parallel giant slalom. 26 racers had a point deduction. Many have their own world cups and are included in the Winter Olympic Games. [60] Since the 2021-2022 race season, fluorinated products are banned in FIS sanctioned competitions. Softshell ski jacketsDue to the recent rise in popularity of backcountry skiing and snowboarding, the demand for breathable and stretchy jackets had to be fulfilled by the sports gear manufacturers. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Flipboard (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window). Alpine skiing branched off from the older Nordic type of skiing around the 1920s when the advent of ski lifts meant that it was no longer necessary to climb back uphill. U.S. Alpine skiing branched off from the older Nordic type of skiing around the 1920s when the advent of ski lifts meant that it was no longer necessary to climb back uphill. Telemark skiing is a ski turning technique and FIS-sanctioned discipline, which is named after the Telemark region of Norway. Glossary of skiing and snowboarding terms, "Human locomotion on snow: determinants of economy and speed of skiing across the ages", "Ancient paintings suggest China invented skiing", "Before Scandinavia: These could be the first skiers", "China's Stone Age Skiers and History's Harsh Lessons", "How concern for the national health and military preparedness led France to build the infrastructure for Chamonix, 1924", "Freestyle Skiing - Winter Olympic Sport", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skiing&oldid=1106999663, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. For water skiing, see. Jade Carey, the other American in the final, was sixth, two places better than her result in Tokyo. [1] The defending overall champions from the 2014 season - Marcel Hirscher and Anna Fenninger, both of Austria, defended their titles successfully. A recreational cross-country trail, groomed for classic skiing only, in Tyrol. [35] Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, and at the Winter Olympic Games.. This years theme focused on the edge and how U.S. Alpine equipment has specialized to the point where it can now only be used with the help of lifts. Many Nordic combined competitions use the Gundersen method, where placement in the ski jumping During the Olympics from 1956 through 1980, World Championship medals were awarded by the FIS for the combined event. [10], Early skiers used one long pole or spear in addition to the skis. For downhill, travel the heels are locked and the skins are removed. 2 G. 1 S. 2 B. Austria. Wenzel's older sister, Hanni Wenzel, won the women's overall title for the second time, making them the first sibling combination to both win the overall World Cup title (as of 2017, [45] On uphill terrain, techniques include the "side step" for steep slopes, moving the skis perpendicular to the fall line, the "herringbone" for moderate slopes, where the skier takes alternating steps with the skis splayed outwards, and, for gentle slopes, the skier uses the diagonal technique with shorter strides and greater arm force on the poles. Italics Best time in 2nd run, "Colorado's Vail Valley celebrates win to host the 2015 FIS Alpine World Ski Championships - The Ski Channel", "FIS: Alpine World Cup 2105 men's schedule", "Ladies' competitions in Courchevel (FRA) and men's competitions in Val d' Isere rescheduled to Are (SWE)", "Men's Slalom - Madonna di Campiglio, ITA", "Men's Downhill - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GER", "Men's Giant Slalom - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GER", "Men's Giant Slalom - Kranjska Gora, SLO", "FIS: Alpine World Cup 2105 ladies' schedule", "Ladies' competitions in Semmering rescheduled in Khtai", "Downhill in Bad Kleinkirchheim cancelled due to violent wind storm", "Ladies' Downhill - Cortina d'Ampezzo, ITA", "Ladies' Super-G - Cortina d'Ampezzo, ITA", "Ladies' Downhill - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GER", "Ladies' Super-G - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GER", "Nation Grand Prix Team Event - Mribel, France", FIS-ski.com: Alpine skiing, FIS World Cup, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=201415_FIS_Alpine_Ski_World_Cup&oldid=1113667706, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 2 October 2022, at 17:27. Fridtjov Nansen, describes the crossing of Greenland as P ski over Grnland, literally "On skis across Greenland",[28] while the English edition of the report was titled, The first crossing of Greenland. Skiing was primarily used for transport until the mid-19th century. Official home of the IOC. Aspen, Colorado, Visa Big Air Presented by Toyota, Dec. 16-17, 2022 The 49th World Cup season began on 25 October 2014, in Slden, Austria, and concluded on 22 March 2015 at the World Cup finals in Meribel, France. Ski & Snowboard is proud to name 22 athletes to the U.S. Cross Country Ski Team for the 2022-23 season. This year,U.S. Annemarie Moser-Prll of Austria won the women's overall title, her fifth consecutive.. Three major changes took place on the World Cup circuit this season. In 1948, this was held along with separate downhill and slalom races. Backcountry skiing can be accessed by helicopter, snowcat, hiking and snowmobile. For example, the U.S. could use Breezy Johnsonin the downhill run and sub her out forMikaela Shiffrinin the slalom run, should the format be adopted into senior competition. SLDEN, Austria After dominating the season-opening mens World Cup race Sunday, Marco Odermatt took off his race helmet and pointed at the Red Bull logo. She deferred enrollment until 2024 because she had designs on the Paris Games. The World Cup season starts in two weeks with the traditional opening giant slaloms in Soelden, Austria. Skiing is the use of skis to glide on snow. See full results. U.S. Freeski & Snowboard Team // Big Air Ski orienteering is a form of cross-country skiing, which includes map navigation along snow trails and tracks. ChinasTang Xijing, the 2019 World silver medalist, withdrew before the start of Thursdays final after struggling in Tuesdays team final. USA 167.263 2. At times, especially with gentle descents, double poling is the sole means of propulsion. The races will not be replaced on this season's World Cup calendar. Recreational activity and sport using snow skis, This article is about snow skiing. Cross-country skiing is a form of skiing where skiers rely on their own locomotion to move across snow-covered terrain, rather than using ski lifts or other forms of assistance. Vonn won the gold medal in downhill at the 2010 Buying skis, alpine skis for sale: how to choose skis at Glisshop? OlympicTalk is on Apple News. The top nine went to Tokyo six on the team, three as alternates and Jones was ready to end her elite gymnastics career and matriculate at the University of Florida. For the first time, FIS World Cup alpine, cross country, freestyle, snowboard, and freeski. Last year, Gadirova had Great Britains best Olympic womens all-around finish in history 10th. Formerly they were made of wood or bamboo. Climbing skins are temporarily attached to the bottom of alpine skis to give them traction on snow. With the "diagonal stride" variant the poles are planted alternately on the opposite side of the forward-striding foot; with the "kick-double-pole" variant the poles are planted simultaneously with every other stride. 00:44. Lindsey Caroline Vonn (ne Kildow / k l d a /; born October 18, 1984) is an American former World Cup alpine ski racer on the US Ski Team.She won four World Cup overall championships second only amongst female skiers to Annemarie Moser-Prll with three consecutive titles in 2008, 2009, and 2010, plus another in 2012. In contrast, alpine skiing is referred to as st p ski (literally "stand on skis"). In 2007, Jade Barbosa landed bronze in the world championships all-around. 2 G. 1 S. 2 B. Austria. With the addition of the giant slalom, the combined event was dropped for 1950 and 1952, but returned as a World Championship event in 1954 as a "paper race" which used the results from the three events. Asymmetrical skis were used in northern Finland and Sweden until at least the late 19th century. In Women's Slalom World Cup 1986/87 the best five results count. It is practised in regions with snow-covered landscapes, including Europe, Canada, Russia, the United States, Australia[1] and New Zealand. Alpine skiing officials will test a new format for the combined event, a race that is under review to remain on the Olympic program. Nansen used skilbning, regarding all forms of skiing, but noted that ski jumping is purely a competitive sport and not for amateurs. johannes strolz. Mikaela Shiffrin Claims Overall Title in 2021-2022 World Cup Tour, Jaelin Kauf | 4th Place | Mogul World Cup Finals Megeve 2022. Ski & Snowboard, the New York Gold Medal Gala welcomes passionate supporters and fans for a night of inspiration and fun that raised over $2 millionthe most money raised at a Gold Medal Gala in history. U.S. Freeski & Snowboard Team //Halfpipe Alpine Touring setups use specialized bindings which are switchable between locked and free-heel modes. In the months ahead, aside from competing in events around the globe, the World Championships will return with the FIS Freestyle Ski & Snowboard World Championships in Bakuriani, Georgia, marking the first time in history that Georgia will host this large-scale, U.S. Andrade, the 23-year-old favorite, won with 56.899 points, distancing the silver medalist, American Shilese Jones, by 1.5 points. There is nothing definitive about that yet, but it is a project in the making, a FIS spokesperson said in commenting on the report. This will be the third consecutive World Cup season with no combined events. For the competitive aspects, see, "Russia's love/hate relationship with cross-country skiing", "Wordloppet Anniversary Book30 years of skiing around the world (Skating, Siitonen and Koch)", "A Technical Manual for the Organization of Cross Country Ski Events", "Technique & Training: Three steps to skating", "Swedish Olympic Champion Recalls the Early Development of Skate Skiing Cross Country Ski Technique", "Cross Country Certification Standards 2014", "The Novice; Mastering the Practical Curtsy, on Skis", "Cross Country Skiing Equipment and History", "Back to Basics: A Quick Look at Paste Waxes, Waxless Ski Preparation and Kick Waxing", "Flourinated Wax Ban implementation to begin in the 2021-22 season", "This Is the Winter to Invest in Cross-Country Skis", "Skistavens historie: Hjelpemiddel og brkmaker". This Friday, were taking a look at Microsoft and Sonys increasingly bitter feud over Call of Duty and whether U.K. regulators are leaning toward torpedoing the Activision Blizzard deal. This was the first Olympics in which the women's giant slalom consisted of two runs, rather than one, and both GS events ran only one run per day. The underside of the short ski was either plain or covered with animal skin to aid this use, while the long ski supporting the weight of the skier was treated with animal fat in a similar manner to modern ski waxing.
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